Chapter 6 - Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Question 1

This requires caregivers to supply: responsiveness and balance of loving care in order to develop

Answer 1

Trust

Question 2

This requires suitable guidance, reasonable choice, and reasonable expectations for impulse control

Answer 2

Autonomy/ greater sense of personal control

Question 3

Sensitivity to structure and timing of face-to-face interactions appears between

Answer 3

3-4 months

Question 4

Do children tend to match the feeling tone of the caregiver?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Reliance on a trusted person’s emotional reactions to appraise an uncertain situation

Answer 5

Social referencing

Question 6

These self-conscious emotions: shame, embarrassment, guilt, pride and envy appear between the ages

Answer 6

1 and a half to 3 years of age

Question 7

Awareness of self as separate and unique is required to have

Answer 7

Self-conscious emotions

Question 8

Adjusting one’s own state of emotional intensity is known as

Answer 8

Emotional self-regulation

Question 9

When does emotional self-regulation first begin to improve as the brain develops?

Answer 9

Over the first year

Question 10

Caregivers contribute to childrens’

Answer 10

Self-regulation style

Question 11

Emotional self-regulation requires

Answer 11

Effortful control

Question 12

Caregivers teach children

Answer 12

Socially approved ways of expressing feelings

Question 13

Persistence of temperamental style is influenced by

Answer 13

Child-rearing practices

Question 14

This is responsible for about half of individual differences and varies with trait and age of individuals studied

Answer 14

Genetic influences

Question 15

This refers to the nutrition, quality of care-giving, gender stereotyping and role of siblings. There are cultural variations.

Answer 15

Environmental influences

Question 16

Interaction between temperament and child-rearing style is referred to as

Answer 16

Goodness-of-fit

Question 17

Child-rearing is effective when

Answer 17

It is a good fit with a child’s temperament

Question 18

John Bowlby defined attachment as

Answer 18

Lasting psychological connectedness between human beings

Question 19

Is it true that attachment increases the likelihood of survival of the infant

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

Built on Bowlby’s theories and used the “Strange Situation” test

Answer 20

Mary Ainsworth

Question 21

Paternal warmth is often expressed through

Answer 21

Play

Question 22

Paternal warmth is promoted by

Answer 22

Time spent in physical proximity to babies and intimacy and cooperation between parents

Question 23

Can the arrival of a new baby be stressful for older siblings?

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

Certain temperamental traits (high emotional reactivity) increases the likelihood of

Answer 24

Sibling conflict

Question 25

Secure attachment as been related to later

Answer 25

Cognitive, emotional, and social competence

Question 26

Continuity of care giving promotes

Answer 26

Favorable development

Question 27

The capacity to inhibit impulses, manage negative emotions and behave in socially acceptable ways is known as

Answer 27

Effortful control

Question 28

Awareness of self as a separate, autonomous being, having confidence in directing own actions and memory for the caregiver’s directives all influence

Answer 28

One’s effortful control

Question 29

Awareness of caregivers’ wishes and expectations, ability to obey simple requests and commands is known as

Answer 29

Compliance

Question 30

This leads to first conscience-like verbalizations

Answer 30

Compliance

Question 31

Responding to toddlers with sensitivity and support help develop

Answer 31

Compliance and self-control

Question 32

To give advance notice of change for toddlers help develop

Answer 32

Compliance and self-control