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Developmental Psychology 3rd ed Aced > Chapter 2 - Genetic and Environmental Foundations > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Genetic and Environmental Foundations Flashcards

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1
Q

An individual’s genetic information

A

Genotype

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2
Q

An individual’s directly observable characteristics

A

Phenotype

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3
Q

Rodlike structures within the cells that store and transmit genetic information

A

Chromosomes

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4
Q

The chemical substance that makes up chromosomes

A

DNA

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5
Q

Segment of DNA along the length of the chromosomes

A

Gene

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6
Q

Process by which DNA duplicates itself. Produces new body cells containing the SAME genetic information

A

Mitosis

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7
Q

Process by which gametes are formed. Leads to genetic variability

A

Meiosis

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8
Q

22 matching pairs of chromosomes

A

Autosomes

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9
Q

23rd pair of chromes

A

Sex chromosomes

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10
Q

XX

A

Female

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11
Q

XY

A

Male

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12
Q

Sex cells: sperm and ovum

A

Gametes

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13
Q

Formed when sperm and ovum unite

A

Zygote

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14
Q

A result when a single zygote separates to form 2 individuals

A

Identical twins/Monozygotic

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15
Q

A result from the release and fertilization of two separate ova

A

Fraternal/Dizygotic

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16
Q

2 forms of the same gene, one inherited from each parent. Occurs at the same place (locus) on both chromosomes in a pair

A

Alleles

17
Q

Only the dominant allele affects children’s phenotypic characteristics

A

Dominant-Recessive Inheritance

18
Q

Many serious diseases are the product of

A

Recessive alleles

19
Q

People who are heterogeneous have one recessive allele. They are known as

A

Carriers

20
Q

A sudden, permanent change in a segment of DNA. May affect 1 or 2, or many genes

A

Mutation

21
Q

Characteristics influences by MANY genes

A

Polygenic inheritance

22
Q

A chromosomal-related abnormality associated with the 21st chromosome

A

Down Syndrome

23
Q

Abnormalities caused by either the X or Y chromosome

A

Sex chromosome abnormalities

24
Q

A lack of emotional closeness/supervision and excessive demands for achievement is associated with

A

Unavailable parents

25
Q

These benefits: reduce of stress of poverty, provision of assistance for all generations and the creation of strong family bonds are associated with

A

Living with your extended family

26
Q

People who define themselves as separate entities

A

Individualisitc

27
Q

People who define themselves as part of a group

A

Collectivist

28
Q

Is it true that one’s development is a result from a BIDIRECTIONAL exchange between heredity and all levels of environment?

A

Yes

Developmental Psychology 3rd ed Aced (9 decks)

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