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Intro To Psych II > Chapter 8: Emotion And Motivation > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Emotion And Motivation Flashcards

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1
Q

Emotion

A

Short-term state that includes special feelings and physical actions that prepares people for action

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2
Q

Feelings

A
  • Hard to describe
  • Studied carefully by measuring how close people say one feeling is to another
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3
Q

Appraisals

A

Our emotions come from how we judge what happened, which makes different people behave in different ways.

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4
Q

Action tendencies

A

Ready to do a certain set of actions that are related to emotions

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5
Q

James-Lange theory

A

Stimuli trigger activity in the ANS which in return produces an emotional experience in the brain

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6
Q

Cannon-Bard theory

A

Thought emotions occurred at the same time as, but independently of, physiological activity

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7
Q

Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer’s two-factor theory

A

Stimuli triggers a general state of physiological arousal, which then is interpreted as a specific emotion

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8
Q

Amygdala

A

Plays an important role in emotion; threat detector

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9
Q

The Fast Pathway

A

Thalamus —> Amygdala
(Stimulus) (Experience of fear)

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10
Q

The Slow Pathway

A

Thalamus —> Cortex —> Amygdala
(Stimulus) (Experience of fear)

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11
Q

Emotional Expression

A

Observable sign of an emotional state (facial expressions, voice)

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12
Q

Universality hypothesis

A

All emotional expressions mean the same thing to all people in all places at all times

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13
Q

Facial feedback hypothesis

A

Emotional expressions can make you feel the emotional experience they represent

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14
Q

Deceptive expression

A

We can control (to some extent) our expression of emotion

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15
Q

Lying

A

Telling lies affect verbal and nonverbal behaviour

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16
Q

Display rule

A

rules for how people should show how they feel in their own communities

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17
Q

Motivation

A

Internal causes of purposeful behaviour

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18
Q

Drives

A

Internal state generated by physiological needs

19
Q

Homeostasis

A

Tendency for a system to take action to keep itself in a particular state

20
Q

Drive-reduction theory

A

Suggests that organisms are motivated to reduce their drives or needs

21
Q

Hedonic principle

A

all people are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain

22
Q

Primary motivation

A

Is to feel good rather than bad

23
Q

Emotional regulation

A

using different mental and physical strategies to change how someone feels

24
Q

Reappraisal

A

Changing the way you think/judge about something

25
Q

Hunger

A

Humans are motivated to eat to convert food to energy

26
Q

Orexigenic

A

Switches on the experience of hunger

27
Q

Anorexigenic

A

Switches off the experience of hunger

28
Q

Binge-Eating Disorder

A

Recurrent and uncontrolled episodes of eating large number of calories in a short time

29
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

Binge eating followed by excessive exercising

30
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

Intense fear of being fat, resulting in severe restriction of food intake

31
Q

Obesity causes

A

BMI of 30+
- caused by genes, environmental toxins, lack of exercise and overeating

32
Q

Metabolism

A

Rate at which energy is used by the body (reduces fat)

33
Q

Sexual desire

A

Desire for sex is necessary for survival of DNA

34
Q

Human sexual response cycle

A

Stages of physiological arousal durning sexual activity

35
Q

Biological motivations

A

Food, sex, oxygen and sleep that are shared with animals

36
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

Motivation to take actions that are themselves rewarding (eating fries)

37
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

Motivation to take actions that are not themselves rewarding but lead to a reward (exams, homework)

38
Q

The overjustification effect

A

people who are rewarded for a behaviour become less motivated to repeat it

39
Q

Conscious motivation

A

Motivation in which one is aware of

40
Q

Unconscious motivation

A

Motivation in which one is not aware of

41
Q

Achievement motivation

A

Motivation to experience positive outcomes

42
Q

Avoidance motivation

A

Motivation to not experience negative outcomes

43
Q

Loss aversion

A

Tendency to care more about avoiding losses than about achieving equal size gains

44
Q

Terror management theory

A

A theory about how people respond to knowledge of their own death

Intro To Psych II (4 decks)

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