Chapter 10: Intelligence

Question 1

Intelligence

Answer 1

Ability to use your mind to solve novel problems and learn from experience

Question 2

how is intelligence be measured?

Answer 2

Intelligence/Quotient test

Question 3

Types of IT tests

Answer 3

Stanford-Binet IS, Wechsler IS for children and Wechsler IS for adults

Question 4

IT scores

Answer 4

Predict academic performance, occupational status, job performance, and income, health and longevity

Question 5

Charles Spearman

Answer 5

looked to discover if there was an order of abilities

Question 6

Spearman’s two-factor theory of intelligence

Answer 6

suggests that every task requires a combination of a general ability (g) and skills that are specific to the task (s)

Question 7

Louis Thurstone

Answer 7

argued for a few mental abilities that were stable and independent (e.g., perceptual, verbal, numerical)

Question 8

three-level hierarchy

Answer 8

describes correlations between scores on different mental ability tests. Memory, Reasoning, Verbal skill

Question 9

Middle-level abilities

Answer 9

lie between specific and general mental abilities regarding intelligence

Question 10

Data-based approach

Answer 10

Connects intelligence test performance to groups

Question 11

Theory-based approach

Answer 11

carefully examines human abilities before deciding which IQ tests measure (or don’t measure)

Question 12

John Carroll

Answer 12

found patterns of correlation among eight independent middle-level abilities

Question 13

Fluid intelligence

Answer 13

Ability to recognize mental relationships and make sense of them logically

Question 14

Robert Sternberg three kinds of intelligence

Answer 14

Analytic, Creative, Practical Intelligence

Question 15

Analytic intelligence

Answer 15

problem-solving, ability to identify and define problems and find strategies for solving them, ‘books smarts’

Question 16

Creative intelligence

Answer 16

novel solutions, ability to generate solutions that other people do not

Question 17

Practical intelligence

Answer 17

everyday, ability to implement solutions in everyday settings ‘street’ smarts

Question 18

Emotional intelligence

Answer 18

Ability to reason about emotions and to use emotions to enhance reasoning

Question 19

Where does intelligence come from?

Answer 19

Intelligence is the joint product of innate characteristics and unique experiences

Question 20

Plato

Answer 20

Suggested that people are born with innate intelligence that make them good rulers, soldiers, tradesmen

Question 21

Sir Francis Galton

Answer 21

conducted some of the earliest genetics studies of intelligence in famous families and made the case that intelligence is hereditary

Question 22

Genetic relatedness

Answer 22

Family members may have similar levels of intelligence because they share genes.

Question 23

Research Approaches

Answer 23

People who share all their genes have similar intelligence test scores regardless of whether they share environments.

Question 24

Heritability coefficient (h²)

Answer 24

Statistic that describes the proportion of the difference between people’s IQ scores that differences in their genes can explain

Question 25

What do Heritability coefficient tell us?

Answer 25

how big influence genes have on the differences in a particular group of people’s IQ scores

Question 26

Age and Heritability of Intelligence

Answer 26

The heritability of intelligence generally increases with the age of the sample measured

Question 27

The Flynn effect

Answer 27

Accidental discovery that the average intelligence test score rises about 0.3% every year

Question 28

average IQ

Answer 28

• is 100
• about 68% of people have IQs between 85 and 115

Question 29

Cognitive enhancers

Answer 29

drugs that improve the psychological processes below performance
- Ritalin, Adderall, Modafinil

Question 30

Technological enhancements

Answer 30

Brain structure alteration; gene manipulation or editing (CRISPR)