Chapter 16: Treatment for Psychological Flashcards
Psychological Treatments
use of therapy and human interaction to treat mental health
Biological Treatments
use of medications, brain simulation and surgical methods to treat mental health
psychotherapy
psychological treatment that uses communication to help people change their thoughts, emotions, and behaviours; therapy
eclectic psychotherapy
type of psychotherapy that combines multiple theories, approaches, or techniques to treat patients; customizing the treatment plan to the individual needs of each client
psychodynamic approach
type of psychotherapy that focuses on how a person’s unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories affect their current behaviour; helping clients gain self-awareness and understand how their past influences their present
interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)
type of psychotherapy that focuses on improving relationships to relieve mental health symptoms; psychological symptoms are a response to difficulties in relationships with others
person-centred therapy (client-centred therapy)
a non-directive approach to therapy that requires the client to actively talk during each therapy session, while the therapist acts mainly source of support for the client
gestalt therapy
type of psychotherapy that focuses on the present moment and the individual as a whole, rather than past experiences or specific goals
behaviour therapy
set of techniques and treatments that aim to change a person’s responses to situations; replacing unhealthy behaviours with healthy ones, and to
get rid of psychological distress
token economy
a behaviour change system that uses tokens to reward desired behaviours and change behaviour
exposure therapy
a psychological technique that involves gradually exposing a person to their fears in a safe environment to help reduce fear and anxiety
cognitive therapy
type of psychotherapy that involves a therapist and client working together to identify and change negative thought patterns that contribute to a client’s emotions and actions
cognitive restructuring
technique that helps people change the way they think about events, thoughts, memories, or beliefs
mindfulness meditation
type of meditation that involves paying attention to the present moment without judgment or interpretation; being aware of your thoughts, emotions, body, and surroundings in the present moment
cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
a structured, goal-oriented, and time-limited form of psychotherapy that helps people identify and change how their thoughts, feelings, and behaviour; helping patients develop more adaptive ways of thinking and behaving, which can improve their mood and quality of life
group therapy
type of psychotherapy where a group of clients meet with a therapist or therapists to discuss problems and interact with each other; improves self-awareness and symptoms
biological therapy
altering brain functions through chemicals and physical interventions
psychopharmacology
the study of how drugs affect behaviour and cognitive function, and how to use medications to treat mental disorders
medications
using drugs that influence neurotransmitter activity to manage symptoms
antipsychotic drugs
the main class of drugs used to treat people with schizophrenia; Clozapine, Olanzapine
antidepressants
type of medicine used to treat depression, OCD, GAD and PTSD; SSRIs, Prozac
antianxiety medications
help reduce the symptoms of anxiety, such as panic attacks or extreme fear and worry; Benzodiazepines
mood stabilizers
medications used to treat bipolar disorders
phototherapy
exposure to artificial light to address mental health conditions; effective for mood disorders by changes in light exposure, such as seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
brain stimulation
using electricity to activate/inhibit the brain to manage symptoms
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
A treatment where controlled electrical currents are passed through the brain to cause a brief seizure; helps “reset” brain activity in severe mental health conditions, severe depression
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
A non-invasive treatment that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain; boosts activity in specific brain areas linked to mood and cognition, moderate depression
deep brain stimulation (DBS)
A surgical treatment where electrodes are implanted deep in the brain to regulate abnormal activity; controls brain activity for severe, treatment-resistant neurological or psychiatric conditions, severe OCD or Parkinson’s disease
psychosurgery
A surgical procedure that disconnects or destroys brain tissue to treat mental health issues; only used if therapy and medications fail to treat mental disorders
placebo
treatment that appears real, but is designed to have no therapeutic benefit; person’s physical or mental health appears to improve after taking it; sugar pill
iatrogenic illness
a health problem or adverse condition that is caused unintentionally by medical treatment or healthcare interventions
