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Tsarist Russia > Chapter 8- Economic development of Russia to 1914 > Flashcards

Chapter 8- Economic development of Russia to 1914 Flashcards

1
Q

What was Russia growth rate power annum from 1894-1914

A

8%

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2
Q

How did coal output change from 1890 to 1900

A

183 million puds to 671 million puds

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3
Q

How did foreign investment change from 1895 to 1914

A

280 million roubles to 2,000 million roubles

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4
Q

What percentage of the governments income came from industrial investments

A

25%

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5
Q

What did economic historian Alexander Gerschenkron dub the late 1890’s

A

The great spurt

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6
Q

How many kilometres of railways did Russia have by 1905

A

60

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7
Q

How big was Russia’s railway network by 1913 in relation to the rest of the world

A

Second biggest after USA

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8
Q

What was Russia the fourth biggest producer of by 1914

A

Coal, pig iron and steel

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9
Q

How much did oil production increase by between 1885 and 1913

A

Trebled

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10
Q

Russia produced the ………. Most oil in the world in 1913

A

Second

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11
Q

How many more times factory workers were there in 1908 compared to 1887

A

Two

1.3-2.6 million

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12
Q

What accounted for 40% of industrial output in Russia in 1910

A

Textiles

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13
Q

What ranking was Russia in terms of industrial power by 1914

A

Fifth

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14
Q

How much did state revenue increase by between 1908 and 1914

A

2 billion

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15
Q

What are examples of countries that has a higher comparative national income increase from 1894-1913

A

Italy

Austria

Britain

France

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16
Q

Which country traded 5 times more than Russia in 1913 (190 million)

A

Germany (5 times more)

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17
Q

How did the average amount of land held by individual peasants change from 1877 to 1905

A

Fell from 35 to 28

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18
Q

How did grain production change from 1900 to 1914

A

56 million tonnes to 90 million tonnes

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19
Q

How did hereditary ownership of homes change from 1905 to 1915

A

20% to 50%

20
Q

What percentage of the lands was owned by the nobility in 1914

A

50%

21
Q

What percentage of peasants reached ‘kulak’ status

A

Less than 1%

22
Q

what produced more coal than Russia in the 1890’s

A

West Virginia

23
Q

how many illegal strikes were there from 1886-94

A

33

24
Q

how much more grain were British farmers producing under Nicholas II co spared to Russian peasants

A

four times more

25
Q

how much of the population did the rural economy include

A

80-90%

26
Q

what led to less land being held by peasants in 1905

A

sub division of land to all males in the mir

27
Q

how did the average amount of land change from 1877-1905

A

fell from 35 to 28 acres

28
Q

what reform did stolypin make in 1903

A

Mir no longer responsible for taxes of all peasants in the village

29
Q

what reform did stolypin make in September 1906

A

more state and crown land available- government encourages and subsidises migration to fertile land in Siberia

30
Q

what reform did stolypin make in October 1906

A

equal rights for peasants in local administration

31
Q

what reform did stolypin make in November 1906

A

peasants can leave the mir

land owned by oldest male not whole family (stopped sub divisions)

peasants can remove land from collective mir farming and become individual

new peasant land bank created

32
Q

how many peasants migrated to Siberia following stolypins land reform

A

3.5 million

33
Q

what did Siberia become after stolypins land reform

A

major producer of cereals and dairy

34
Q

how did the amount of land owned by peasants change due to stolypins land reform

A

1905- 20% of land owned by peasants
\
1915-50% of land owned by peasants

35
Q

how did grain production change as a result of stolypoins land reforms

A

1900- 56 million tonnes

1914- 90 million tonnes

36
Q

when did Russia become the leading exporter of cereals

A

1909

37
Q

what was a problem with peasants land that stolypin failed to reform

A

still traditional strip land

farmed using traditional methods

38
Q

how many applications to have land went through under stolypin

A

1.3 out of 5 million

39
Q

how much land got moved from communal to private ownership under stolypin

A

only 10%

40
Q

what percentage of peasants were kulaks

A

less than 1%

41
Q

how much of the Russian railway was state controlled

A

66%

42
Q

what did railways connect

A

the main industrial areas

key agricultural; areas to Black Sea ports

43
Q

what stimulated growth in heavy industry

A

building railways as materials were needed for this

44
Q

how big was Russian railway network under Nicholas

A

second largest in the world by 1909

45
Q

how did Russian national income change under Nicholas

A

rose 50% from 1894-1913

46
Q

what was Russian foreign trade valued at under Nicholas II

A

190 million by 1913

Tsarist Russia (10 decks)

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