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Tsarist Russia > Chapter 3- Autocracy Of Alexander II And Alexander III > Flashcards

Chapter 3- Autocracy Of Alexander II And Alexander III Flashcards

1
Q

Why did Alexander II become more reactionary after 1866

A

Shaken by assassination attempt

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2
Q

What did Alexander III say about his rule

A

‘The voice of god orders us to take up the task of ruling, with total faith in the strength of our autocratic power’

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3
Q

How’s many assassination attempts were made in Alexander II and in what years

A

1866

April 1879

December 1879

February 1880

March 1881

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4
Q

What happened that unexpectedly made Alexander III heir in 1865

A

Alexander II eldest son died of TB

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5
Q

What is proof of Alexander II becoming more reactionary after 1866

A

Made conservative appointments to replace more liberal ministers

Dmitry Tolstoy replaced Golovnin as minister for education
Pahlen became minister of justices

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6
Q

What did Dmitry Tolstoy do to made the education system more conservative

A

Reduced Zemstvas powers

Churches gained rule back over rural schools

Natural sciences taken out of the curriculum

As of 1871 only gimnazi students could progress to university

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7
Q

What did Pyotr Shuvalov do as head of the third section

A

Stepped up the persecution of minorities

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8
Q

What did Pahlen do as minister of justice

A

Made an example of political criminals

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9
Q

What was the trial of 193 in 1877

A

A sympathetic jury acquitted 153 of 193 defendants accused of political crimes and have the remaining 40 light sentences

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10
Q

What happened to Vera Zasulich at her trail in 1878

A

Acquitted for the attempted murder of the governor of St Petersburg

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11
Q

What did Mikhail Loris-Melikov do as minister for internal affairs

A

Released political prisoners

Relaxed censorship

Abolished the third section

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12
Q

What was the Loris-Melikov report

A

A document that recommended an inclusion of elected representatives of the nobility ( a constitution)

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13
Q

When was Alexander II assassinated

A

13th march 1881

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14
Q

How did Alexander III start his reign

A

Hanging of the people involved in his fathers assassination

His ‘manifesto of unshakeable autocracy’

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15
Q

What did Alexander III introduce in 1889

A

Land captains who could override Zemstva decisions

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16
Q

What happened to the zemstva in 1890

A

Peasants role reduced

Put under control of the central government

17
Q

Who was appointed as head of the Okhrana in 1881

A

Vyachaslav Plehve

18
Q

What did Alexander III do to make judicial system more conservative

A

1887- closed Corey sessions could be held

1887- jurors needed educational qualifications

19
Q

Who oversaw changes in education in 1884

A

Delyanov

20
Q

What did Delyanov do to make education more conservative in 1884

A

Women banned from going to university

Gathering over 5 were not allowed at university

Children from lower classes not able to attend primary school

21
Q

What did Tolstoy do in 1882 about censorship

A

Established a government committee which:

Allowed newspapers to be shut down with writers being permanently banned

Literary publications had to be approved by the government

22
Q

What positive policies were put in place under Alexander III

A

Redemption fees abolished in 1881

Shifted away from poll tax to income tax to take weight off working class shoulders

Peasant land bank set up in 1883

23
Q

when were redemption dues abolished

A

1881 (Alex III)

24
Q

when did inheritance tax replace poll tax

A

1985

25
Q

when was the peasant land bank established

A

1883

26
Q

when did Alexander III preach his manifesto of unshakeable autocracy

A

April 1881

27
Q

when was the statue of state security introduced

A

1881

28
Q

what did the statue of state security do

A

undid Alexander II judicial reforms

29
Q

when were the may laws introduced

A

1882

30
Q

how much did the tsar donate to peasants during famine in 1892

A

17m roubles

31
Q

who designed the school curriculum under Alexander III

A

orthodox church

32
Q

what was not allowed to be taught under Alexander III

A

science

33
Q

what did the Okhrana do

A

forbade gatherings of over 12

shut down schools etc that were dissenting

surveyed whoever they wanted

34
Q

who was Alexander III tutor

A

pobnodstiev

35
Q

what were the mortality rates in steel mines under Alexander III

A

10%

36
Q

When did Alexander III introduce land captains

A

1889

Tsarist Russia (10 decks)

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