Chapter 3- Autocracy Of Alexander II And Alexander III Flashcards
Why did Alexander II become more reactionary after 1866
Shaken by assassination attempt
What did Alexander III say about his rule
‘The voice of god orders us to take up the task of ruling, with total faith in the strength of our autocratic power’
How’s many assassination attempts were made in Alexander II and in what years
1866
April 1879
December 1879
February 1880
March 1881
What happened that unexpectedly made Alexander III heir in 1865
Alexander II eldest son died of TB
What is proof of Alexander II becoming more reactionary after 1866
Made conservative appointments to replace more liberal ministers
Dmitry Tolstoy replaced Golovnin as minister for education
Pahlen became minister of justices
What did Dmitry Tolstoy do to made the education system more conservative
Reduced Zemstvas powers
Churches gained rule back over rural schools
Natural sciences taken out of the curriculum
As of 1871 only gimnazi students could progress to university
What did Pyotr Shuvalov do as head of the third section
Stepped up the persecution of minorities
What did Pahlen do as minister of justice
Made an example of political criminals
What was the trial of 193 in 1877
A sympathetic jury acquitted 153 of 193 defendants accused of political crimes and have the remaining 40 light sentences
What happened to Vera Zasulich at her trail in 1878
Acquitted for the attempted murder of the governor of St Petersburg
What did Mikhail Loris-Melikov do as minister for internal affairs
Released political prisoners
Relaxed censorship
Abolished the third section
What was the Loris-Melikov report
A document that recommended an inclusion of elected representatives of the nobility ( a constitution)
When was Alexander II assassinated
13th march 1881
How did Alexander III start his reign
Hanging of the people involved in his fathers assassination
His ‘manifesto of unshakeable autocracy’
What did Alexander III introduce in 1889
Land captains who could override Zemstva decisions
What happened to the zemstva in 1890
Peasants role reduced
Put under control of the central government
Who was appointed as head of the Okhrana in 1881
Vyachaslav Plehve
What did Alexander III do to make judicial system more conservative
1887- closed Corey sessions could be held
1887- jurors needed educational qualifications
Who oversaw changes in education in 1884
Delyanov
What did Delyanov do to make education more conservative in 1884
Women banned from going to university
Gathering over 5 were not allowed at university
Children from lower classes not able to attend primary school
What did Tolstoy do in 1882 about censorship
Established a government committee which:
Allowed newspapers to be shut down with writers being permanently banned
Literary publications had to be approved by the government
What positive policies were put in place under Alexander III
Redemption fees abolished in 1881
Shifted away from poll tax to income tax to take weight off working class shoulders
Peasant land bank set up in 1883
when were redemption dues abolished
1881 (Alex III)
when did inheritance tax replace poll tax
1985
when was the peasant land bank established
1883
when did Alexander III preach his manifesto of unshakeable autocracy
April 1881
when was the statue of state security introduced
1881
what did the statue of state security do
undid Alexander II judicial reforms
when were the may laws introduced
1882
how much did the tsar donate to peasants during famine in 1892
17m roubles
who designed the school curriculum under Alexander III
orthodox church
what was not allowed to be taught under Alexander III
science
what did the Okhrana do
forbade gatherings of over 12
shut down schools etc that were dissenting
surveyed whoever they wanted
who was Alexander III tutor
pobnodstiev
what were the mortality rates in steel mines under Alexander III
10%
When did Alexander III introduce land captains
1889
