Chapter 8: Different Enzymes

Question 1

Catalase

Answer 1

breaks down hydrogen peroxide

Metallic Cofactor Required: Iron (Fe)

Question 2

Oxidase

Answer 2

adds electrons to Oxygen
Metallic Cofactor Required: Iron, copper (Cu)
Systematic Name: Cytochrome oxidase
Enzyme Class: Oxidoreductase
Substrate: Molecular Oxygen
Action: catazlyzes the reduction (addition of electrons and hydrogen) to O2

Question 3

Hexokinase

Answer 3

Transfers Phosphate to glucose

Metallic Cofactor Required: Magnesium (Mg)

Question 4

Urease

Answer 4

Splits urea into an ammonium ion

Metallic Cofactor Required: Nickel (Ni)

Question 5

Nitrate reductase

Answer 5

Reduces nitrate to nitrite

Metallic Cofactor Required: Molybdenum (Mo)

Question 6

Botulinum toxin

Answer 6

Hydrolyzes protein needed for vesicle transport

Metallic Cofactor Required: Zinc (Zn)

Question 7

Oxidoreductase

Answer 7

Chemical Reaction Catalyzed: Oxidation-reduction in which oxygen and hydrogen are gained or lost
ex: Cytochrome oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase

Question 8

Transferase

Answer 8

Chemical Reaction Catalyzed: Transfer of functional groups, such as an amino group, acetyl group, or phosphate group
ex: Acetate kinase, alanine deaminase

Question 9

Hydrolase

Answer 9

Chemical Reaction Catalyzed: Hydrolysis (addition of water)

ex: DNAse, amylase, Lipase, sucrase, maltase, hyaluronidase

Question 10

Lyase

Answer 10

Chemical Reaction Catalyzed: Removal of groups of atoms without hydrolysis
ex: Oxalate decarboxylase, isocitrate lyase

Question 11

Isomerase

Answer 11

Chemical Reaction Catalyzed: Rearrangement of atoms within a molecule
ex: Glucose-phosphate isomerase, alanine racemase

Question 12

Ligase

Answer 12

Chemical Reaction Catalyzed: joining of two molecules (using energy usually derived from the breakdown of ATP)
ex: AcetylCoA synthetase, DNA ligase

Question 13

Lactase

Answer 13

• Systematic Name: B(beta)-D-galactosidase
• Enzyme Class: Hydrolase
• Substrate: Lactose
• Action: Breaks lactose down into glucose and galactose

Question 14

Penicillinase

Answer 14

Systematic Name: Beta-lactamase
Enzyme Class: Hydrolase
Substrate: Penicillin
Action: hydrolyzes beta-lactam ring

Question 15

DNA polymerase

Answer 15

Systematic Name: DNA nucleotidyltransferase
Enzyme Class: Synthase
Substrate: DNA nucleosides
Action: Synthesizes a strand of DNA using the complementary strand as a model
-synthesis of DNA
-Metallic cofactors: zinc and magnesium

Question 16

Lactate dehydrogenase

Answer 16

Systematic Name: Lactate dehydrogenase (same as common name)
Enzyme Class: Oxidoreductase
Substrate: Pyruvic Acid
Action: Catalyzes the conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid