Chapter 8: Communiction For Academic Purposes Flashcards
It is the moral code or ethical policy of academia. This includes values, maintenance of academic standards.
It is practiced in a majority of educational institution, noted in mission statements and syllabuses, and taught in ethics classes.
Academic Integrity
It is any type of cheating that occurs in relation to a formal academic exercise.
Academic dishonesty
The adoption or reproduction of ideas or words or statements of another person without due acknowledgement.
Plagiarism
The falsification of data, information or citations in any formal academic exercise.
Fabrication
Any attempt to give or obtain assistance in a formal academic exercise without due acknowledgement.
Cheating
Acting to prevent someone from completing their work.
Sabotage
It refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary-artistic works, designs, symbols, names and images.
Intellectual Property
Type of IP that is legally used to describe the rights that creators have over their literary and artistic works.
Copyright
An exclusive right granted for an invention, which is anything that introduces a new way of doing something or offers solutions to problems.
Patent
A sign capable of distinguishing goods or services between different enterprises. These are protected by intellectual property rights.
Trademarks
This constitutes the ornamental or aesthetic aspect of an article. Consists of 3-dimensional features and 2-dimensional features.
Industrial Designs
Writing is a _____
Privilege
One’s skill in writing transcends _____
Many forms of discipline
It is the act of getting the gist from a material and using new words synonymous to previously used words. The entire idea should not be altered.
Paraphrasing
It is a process of scientific thinking that leads to the discovery of new knowledge and truth. It is not subjective expression of ideas or opinions. It is born of problems and of man’s determination to solve problems.
Research
It is a written statement that reasons and justifies why a research is conducted. It is designed to inform readers on the study’s impact.
Rationale
It is the systematic process of collecting information and data for the purpose of investigating and analyzing a phenomenon, condition, or problem.
It is a logical procedure that involves:
- Identifying the research respondents
- Sources of data
- Locale of the study
- Data gathering
- Treatment of Data
Research Methodology
Those who will be answering survey questionnaires
Research respondents
Those who will be observed, audio-video recorded, or subjected to certain stimulus or treatments, answer research interviews and participate in focus group discussions)
Research Participants
Where the study is conducted
Locale of the Study
The manner as to how the data will be exactly collected (e.g. interviews, focus group discussions)
Data gathering
Transcribing, tallying, tabulating, coding, interpreting and analyzing of data
Treatment of Data
Two research methodology paradigms:
Quantitative research
- Seeks to understand the causal or correlational relationship between variables through testing hypotheses
- Experiment, random assignment, independent/dependent variable, causal/correlational, validity, deductive logic
Qualitative research
- Seeks to understand a phenomenon within a real-world context through the use of interviews and observation
- Complexity, contextual, inductive logic, discovery, exploration
The entire group or set of individuals, objects, or events that possess specific characteristics and are of interest to the researcher
Population
Type of research that includes the entire population. Data is gathered on every member of the population.
Census Study
A smaller and more manageable representation of a larger group; A subset of a larger population
Sample
Sampling method wherein each member of the population has a known non-zero probability of being selected. Involves random selection, allowing you to make strong statistical inferences about the whole group.
Sampling error can be calculated. When inferring to population, results are reported plus or minus the sampling error.
E.g. systematic sampling, stratified sampling
Probability Sampling
Sampling method wherein members are selected from the population in non-random manner. Allows you to easily collect data
E.g. convenience sampling, judgment sampling, quota sampling, snowball sampling
Non-probability sampling
The purest form of probability sampling. Each member of the population has an equal and known chance of being selected.
Random sampling
Aka the Nth name selection technique. After the required sample size has been calculated, every Nth record is selected from a list of population members.
Systematic sampling
In this sampling, researchers divide population into stratum (subsets). Random sampling is then used to select a sufficient number of subjects from each stratum.
Stratified sampling
The sample is collected because they are convenient. Used in exploratory research where the researcher is interested in getting an inexpensive approximation of truth.
Convenience Sampling
The researcher selects the sample based on judgment. This is usually an extension of convenience sampling.
Judgment sampling
The researcher first identifies stratums in a population, then convenience or judgment sampling is used to select the required number of subjects from each stratum.
Quota sampling
Sampling method that relies on referrals from initial subjects to generate additional subjects
Snowball sampling
This formula is useful in determining sample size that could represent a large population.
Formula: n = N / (1 + Ne2) wherein;
n - Number of Samples
N - Total population
e - Error tolerance
Slovin’s Formula
