Chapter 8: Communication Disorders Flashcards
Communication
Includes a message, sender, and receiver
Paralinguistic Behaviors
Stress, pitch, intonation, pauses, etc.
Nonlinguistic Cues
Body posture, facial expressions, eye contact, etc.
Language
Formalized code used by the group to communicate. Arbitrary
Form
Phonology, Morphology, Syntax
Content
Semantics
Use
Pragmatics
Speech requires (4)
respiration
phonation
resonation
articulation
IDEA Definition
A communication disorder such as stuttering, impaired articulation, a language impairment, or a voice impairment that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.
Speech Impairments include (3)
-Articulation disorders (errors in the production of speech sounds)
-Fluency disorders (difficulties with the flow or rhythm of speech)
-Voice disorders (problems with the quality or use of voice)
Language Disorders (5)
-deficits in form, content, use
-receptive language disorder (struggle following sequence of demands)
-expressive language disorder (limited vocab, say sounds in the wrong order)
-language delay does not always = a language disorder
-difficult to detect children with language disorders
Distortions: Articulation Problem
“sleep” as “schleep” lisp
Substitutions: Articulation Problem
“doze” for “those”
Omissions: Articulation Problem
“pos” for “post”
Additions: Articulation Problem
“buhrown” as “brown”
Articulation Disorders (3)
-not able to produce a sound because that sound is not in his repertoire
-speech is unintelligible most of the time
-“do foop is dood” for that “soup is good”
Phonological Disorders (3)
-have the ability to produce a sound but does so inconsistently
-understanding when to use a sound
-cause voice to sound breathy, hoarse, husky, strained
Fluency Disorders (5)
-Cluttering (fast, repetitions, mispronounced sounds)
-atypical continuity, smoothness, rate, and effort
-developmental (during childhood) or neurogenic (after disease or trauma)
-more common among men
-situational
Dysphonia
poor or unpleasant voice quality
Resonance Disorder
how voice sounds because of hypernasality or hyponasality
Prevalence
-16.4% of students receive spec ed services
-1.6% of school age population
-second largest disability category
Causes of Speech Impairments (6)
-cleft palate
-paralysis of speech muscles
-the absence of teeth
-craniofacial abnormalities
-TBI
-Dysarthria
Causes of Language Disorders (7)
-developmental and intellectual disabilities
-autism
-TBI
-child abuse and neglect
-hearing loss
-structural abnormalities
-Aphasia
Evaluation Components (8)
-case history and physical exam
-articulation
-hearing
-phonological awareness and processing
-overall language development and vocab
-assessment of language function
-language samples
-observation in natural settings
Treating articulation errors (4)
-acquisition of correct speech sounds
-generalization of correct sounds to all settings and contexts
-maintenance of correct sounds after therapy
-discrimination activities (define differences between sounds)
Treating fluency disorders
Lidcombe Program: parents ignore stuttering and reinforce periods of fluency
Treating voice disorders
-vocal rehab: exercises to increase breathing capacity, relaxation techniques, vocal hygiene, procedures to increase/decrease loudness.
Treating language disorders
-vocab building
-naturalistic strategies: typical convo
Placement
-88% in regular classrooms
-pull out: SLP works with child individually or in small group a few times a week
-collaborative consultation: SLP helps teacher and collaborates to work better with children with communication disorders.
