Chapter 8- Chemical Equations and Reactions Flashcards
What state are ionic compounds assumed to be?
Solids
What state are molecular compounds assumed to be?
Gases
What state are acids assumed to be?
Aqueous (aq)
What is a chemical reaction?
The process by which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances
What are the reactants and the products in a chemical reaction?
Reactants- original substances
Products- resulting substances
What is the law of conservation of mass?
The total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products for any given chemical reaction
What does a chemical equation do?
Represent, with symbols and formulas, the identities and relative amounts of the reactants and products in a chemical equation
What are five observations that indicate a chemical reaction has taken place?
1- Energy as heat 2- Energy as light 3- Production of a gas 4- Formation of a precipitate 5- Change in color
What is a precipitate?
A solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in a solution and that separates or “falls out of” the solution
What are the 7 elements that exist as diatomic molecules?
Br-I-N-Cl-H-O-F
Bromine, iodine, nitrogen, chlorine, hydrogen, oxygen, fluorine
What are the two elements that exist as more than diatomic, and how many atoms is their molecule made of?
Sulfur-8
Phosphorus-4
What does a word equation do?
Represent, in words, the reactants and products
What does a formula equation do?
Represent, in formulas with (state), the reactants and products
What state is water assumed to be?
Liquid
What are the five basic types of reactions?
Synthesis, decomposition, combustion, single/double displacement
What happens in a synthesis reaction?
Two or more substances combine to form a new compound
What does a metal and oxygen yield?
Metal oxide
What does a group 1 or 2 metal and sulfur yield?
A metal sulfide
What does a metal and a halogen yield?
A halide
What does a metal oxide and water yield?
A metal hydroxide
What happens in a decomposition reaction?
A single compound undergoes a reaction that produces two or more simpler substances
What is electrolysis?
The decomposition of a substance by an electric current
What do metal oxides break down to?
Their elements
What do metal carbonates break down to?
A metal oxide and carbon dioxide
What do metal hydroxides break down to?
Metal oxides and water
What do metal chlorates break down to?
A metal chloride and oxygen
What happens in a combustion reaction?
A substance combines with oxygen, releasing a large amount of energy as heat and light
What does complete combustion form?
Water and carbon dioxide
What does incomplete combustion form?
Water and carbon monoxide
S-D
Metal and water
Displaces hydrogen to yield a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas
S-D
Metal and an acid
Displaces the hydrogen to yield the metal with whatever was bonded to the hydrogen and hydrogen gas
How can you tell the comparative reactivity of a halogen when you have a periodic table?
Highest is Fluorine, it goes down as you go down the table
What are the three products that signal a double-displacement?
Precipitate, gas, water
