Chapter 7 Flashcards
What are molecular compounds usually made of?
Nonmetals atoms
What is an acid?
A molecular compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water
Where are the elements that only form one type of ion, how do you name them and what are the weird ones?
Group 1, 2 and 13 (as well as silver=Ag+, zinc=Zn+2 and cadmium=Cd+2). The element name plus the word ion.
What is the system that is used to name transition metals and other metals that form more than one ion, and how do you use it?
Stock system, write the element name (the charge in Roman numerals) and ion
How do you write a nonmetal ion?
Element stem name + ide + ion
Ex: oxygen is oxide ion (O-2)
What is the rule for writing compounds?
They must be neutral (total negative charge cancels out the total positive charge)
What is the rule for writing a compound when the two ions have exactly opposite charges?
There is one of each
What are ionic compounds usually made of?
A metal and a nonmetal
If two monatomic ions have different charges, how do you get the formula?
Crossover rule, switch superscripts and simply
If two ions have different charges and you have at least one polyatomic ion, how do get the formula?
Crossover rule, switch superscripts and simply
What is the prefix for one?
Mono, only on 2nd
What is the prefix for two?
Di
What is the prefix for three?
Tri
What is the prefix for four?
Tetra
What is the prefix for five?
Penta
What is the prefix for six?
Hexa
What is the prefix for seven?
Hepta
What is the prefix for eight?
Octa
What is the prefix for nine?
Nona
What is the prefix for ten?
Deca
How do you write molecular compounds?
First element- prefix+name, second element - prefix+name+ide
How do you name ionic compounds?
Name the cation and the anion and remove ion (use crossover to ensure neutrality)
How do you name acids?
If there is only hydrogen and another element (hydro-base+ic acid), if there is hydrogen and an oxygen then if it ends in ate (base+ic acid), if it ends in ite (base+ous acid)
What is the rule for the oxidation number for pure compounds?
They are zero
What is the rule for the most or least electronegative atom, assuming that there is not a weird atom?
The most one has the number that is what it would have as an anion, the least has the number that is what is would have as a cation
What is the oxidation number for fluorine?
-1
What is the oxidation number for oxygen?
-2 except when it is called peroxide (-1) and when it is with fluorine (+2)
What is the oxidation number for hydrogen?
+1 when it is with more electronegative coumpounds, -1 when it is with metals
What is the rule about the oxidation numbers in neutral coumpounds?
They equal zero
What is the rule about the oxidation numbers of polyatomic atoms?
They equal to the charge on the ion
What is formula mass?
The sum of the average atomic masses of all atoms represented in its formula (amu)
What is the molar mass?
The sum of the mass in grams of one mole of a substance (g/mol)
How do you go from moles to grams?
Moles/1 * grams/moles
How do you find the mass percentage of an element in a compound if you have the mass in grams of a compound?
Mass of element in sample compound/mass of sample compound *100
How do you find the mass percentage of an element in a compound if you have the molar mass of a compound?
Molar mass of element in compound/ molar mass of compound * 100
What is percentage composition?
Percentage by mass of each element in a compound
