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Chemistry 1 and 2 (Nixa High) > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are molecular compounds usually made of?

A

Nonmetals atoms

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2
Q

What is an acid?

A

A molecular compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water

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3
Q

Where are the elements that only form one type of ion, how do you name them and what are the weird ones?

A

Group 1, 2 and 13 (as well as silver=Ag+, zinc=Zn+2 and cadmium=Cd+2). The element name plus the word ion.

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4
Q

What is the system that is used to name transition metals and other metals that form more than one ion, and how do you use it?

A

Stock system, write the element name (the charge in Roman numerals) and ion

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5
Q

How do you write a nonmetal ion?

A

Element stem name + ide + ion

Ex: oxygen is oxide ion (O-2)

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6
Q

What is the rule for writing compounds?

A

They must be neutral (total negative charge cancels out the total positive charge)

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7
Q

What is the rule for writing a compound when the two ions have exactly opposite charges?

A

There is one of each

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8
Q

What are ionic compounds usually made of?

A

A metal and a nonmetal

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9
Q

If two monatomic ions have different charges, how do you get the formula?

A

Crossover rule, switch superscripts and simply

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10
Q

If two ions have different charges and you have at least one polyatomic ion, how do get the formula?

A

Crossover rule, switch superscripts and simply

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11
Q

What is the prefix for one?

A

Mono, only on 2nd

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12
Q

What is the prefix for two?

A

Di

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13
Q

What is the prefix for three?

A

Tri

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14
Q

What is the prefix for four?

A

Tetra

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15
Q

What is the prefix for five?

A

Penta

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16
Q

What is the prefix for six?

A

Hexa

17
Q

What is the prefix for seven?

A

Hepta

18
Q

What is the prefix for eight?

A

Octa

19
Q

What is the prefix for nine?

A

Nona

20
Q

What is the prefix for ten?

A

Deca

21
Q

How do you write molecular compounds?

A

First element- prefix+name, second element - prefix+name+ide

22
Q

How do you name ionic compounds?

A

Name the cation and the anion and remove ion (use crossover to ensure neutrality)

23
Q

How do you name acids?

A

If there is only hydrogen and another element (hydro-base+ic acid), if there is hydrogen and an oxygen then if it ends in ate (base+ic acid), if it ends in ite (base+ous acid)

24
Q

What is the rule for the oxidation number for pure compounds?

A

They are zero

25
Q

What is the rule for the most or least electronegative atom, assuming that there is not a weird atom?

A

The most one has the number that is what it would have as an anion, the least has the number that is what is would have as a cation

26
Q

What is the oxidation number for fluorine?

A

-1

27
Q

What is the oxidation number for oxygen?

A

-2 except when it is called peroxide (-1) and when it is with fluorine (+2)

28
Q

What is the oxidation number for hydrogen?

A

+1 when it is with more electronegative coumpounds, -1 when it is with metals

29
Q

What is the rule about the oxidation numbers in neutral coumpounds?

A

They equal zero

30
Q

What is the rule about the oxidation numbers of polyatomic atoms?

A

They equal to the charge on the ion

31
Q

What is formula mass?

A

The sum of the average atomic masses of all atoms represented in its formula (amu)

32
Q

What is the molar mass?

A

The sum of the mass in grams of one mole of a substance (g/mol)

33
Q

How do you go from moles to grams?

A

Moles/1 * grams/moles

34
Q

How do you find the mass percentage of an element in a compound if you have the mass in grams of a compound?

A

Mass of element in sample compound/mass of sample compound *100

35
Q

How do you find the mass percentage of an element in a compound if you have the molar mass of a compound?

A

Molar mass of element in compound/ molar mass of compound * 100

36
Q

What is percentage composition?

A

Percentage by mass of each element in a compound

Chemistry 1 and 2 (Nixa High) (15 decks)

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