Chapter 1 - Matter and Change Flashcards
What is a chemical?
Any substance that has a definite composition
What is basic research?
Research to increase knowledge
What is applied research?
Research to solve a problem
What is mass?
A measure of the amount of matter
What is matter?
Anything that takes up space and has mass
What is an atom?
The smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identify of that element
What is an element?
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom
What is a compound?
A substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances. (Made of two or more elements)
What are extensive properties?
Properties that depend on the amount of matter that is present
Ex:
Volume
Mass
Amount of energy contained
What are intensive properties and what are they used for?
Properties that do not depend on the amount of matter
To determine unknown materials
Ex:
Boiling point, color, ductility
What is a physical property?
Physical properties are characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the identify of the substance
What is a physical change?
A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance
What is a change of state?
A physical change of a substance from one state to another
What are the states of matter and how are they defined?
Solid- definite volume and shape
Liquid- definite volume but indefinite shape
Gas- indefinite volume and shape
Plasma- high temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons
What does the kinetic molecular theory (KMT) do and what are its parts?
It explains the difference between solids, liquids and gases on a micro level
- how densely particles are packed
- how much movement particles have
Draw circles and write the two parts
What is a chemical property?
Something that relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances
What is a chemical change?
A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances
What are products and reactants?
Reactants are the substances that react in a chemical change
Products are the substances that are formed by the chemical change
Ex: reactant + reactant -> product
What is always involved when physical or chemical changes occur?
Energy (can be in different forms)
What is the law of conservation of matter?
Energy can be absorbed or released in a change, it is not destroyed or created
What is a mixture and how can it be defined?
A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties
Mixed physically
Can usually be separated
What are homogeneous mixtures called and how are they defined?
Solutions, uniform in composition
How are heterogeneous mixtures defined?
They are not uniform throughout
How do you define a pure substances and what two things can it be called?
It has a fixed composition
Compound or element
How does a pure substance differ from a mixture?
Every sample has the same characteristic properties and composition
What are the vertical columns of the periodic table called and how are they related?
Groups or families
Each group has elements with similar chemical properties
What are the horizontal rows of the periodic table called and how are they related?
Periods
Physical and chemical properties change somewhat regularly across a period
What is a metal and what are 3 properties?
An element that is a good electrical and heat conductor
Most are solids
Malleable
Ductile
What is a nonmetal and what are 2 properties?
An element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity
Many are gases
The solids are brittle
What is a metalloid and what are 2 properties?
An element that has some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals
All are solids
Semiconductors of electricity
What group are noble gases in, how reactive are they are what state are they in at room temperature?
18
Generally unreactive
Gases
Define chemistry
Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes
Organic chemistry
the study of most carbon-containing compounds
Inorganic chemistry
the study of non-organic substances, many of which have organic fragments bonded to metal
Physical chemistry
the study of the properties and changes of matter and their relationship to energy
Analytical chemistry
the identification of the components and composition of materials
Biochemistry
the study of substances and processes occurring in living things
Theoretical chemistry
the use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles being observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds
