Chapter 1 - Matter and Change

Question 1

What is a chemical?

Answer 1

Any substance that has a definite composition

Question 2

What is basic research?

Answer 2

Research to increase knowledge

Question 3

What is applied research?

Answer 3

Research to solve a problem

Question 4

What is mass?

Answer 4

A measure of the amount of matter

Question 5

What is matter?

Answer 5

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 6

What is an atom?

Answer 6

The smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identify of that element

Question 7

What is an element?

Answer 7

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom

Question 8

What is a compound?

Answer 8

A substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances. (Made of two or more elements)

Question 9

What are extensive properties?

Answer 9

Properties that depend on the amount of matter that is present

Ex:
Volume
Mass
Amount of energy contained

Question 10

What are intensive properties and what are they used for?

Answer 10

Properties that do not depend on the amount of matter

To determine unknown materials

Ex:
Boiling point, color, ductility

Question 11

What is a physical property?

Answer 11

Physical properties are characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the identify of the substance

Question 12

What is a physical change?

Answer 12

A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance

Question 13

What is a change of state?

Answer 13

A physical change of a substance from one state to another

Question 14

What are the states of matter and how are they defined?

Answer 14

Solid- definite volume and shape
Liquid- definite volume but indefinite shape
Gas- indefinite volume and shape
Plasma- high temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons

Question 15

What does the kinetic molecular theory (KMT) do and what are its parts?

Answer 15

It explains the difference between solids, liquids and gases on a micro level

• how densely particles are packed
• how much movement particles have

Draw circles and write the two parts

Question 16

What is a chemical property?

Answer 16

Something that relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances

Question 17

What is a chemical change?

Answer 17

A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances

Question 18

What are products and reactants?

Answer 18

Reactants are the substances that react in a chemical change

Products are the substances that are formed by the chemical change

Ex: reactant + reactant -> product

Question 19

What is always involved when physical or chemical changes occur?

Answer 19

Energy (can be in different forms)

Question 20

What is the law of conservation of matter?

Answer 20

Energy can be absorbed or released in a change, it is not destroyed or created

Question 21

What is a mixture and how can it be defined?

Answer 21

A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties

Mixed physically
Can usually be separated

Question 22

What are homogeneous mixtures called and how are they defined?

Answer 22

Solutions, uniform in composition

Question 23

How are heterogeneous mixtures defined?

Answer 23

They are not uniform throughout

Question 24

How do you define a pure substances and what two things can it be called?

Answer 24

It has a fixed composition

Compound or element

Question 25

How does a pure substance differ from a mixture?

Answer 25

Every sample has the same characteristic properties and composition

Question 26

What are the vertical columns of the periodic table called and how are they related?

Answer 26

Groups or families

Each group has elements with similar chemical properties

Question 27

What are the horizontal rows of the periodic table called and how are they related?

Answer 27

Periods

Physical and chemical properties change somewhat regularly across a period

Question 28

What is a metal and what are 3 properties?

Answer 28

An element that is a good electrical and heat conductor

Most are solids
Malleable
Ductile

Question 29

What is a nonmetal and what are 2 properties?

Answer 29

An element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity

Many are gases
The solids are brittle

Question 30

What is a metalloid and what are 2 properties?

Answer 30

An element that has some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals

All are solids
Semiconductors of electricity

Question 31

What group are noble gases in, how reactive are they are what state are they in at room temperature?

Answer 31

18
Generally unreactive
Gases

Question 32

Define chemistry

Answer 32

Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes

Question 33

Organic chemistry

Answer 33

the study of most carbon-containing compounds

Question 34

Inorganic chemistry

Answer 34

the study of non-organic substances, many of which have organic fragments bonded to metal

Question 35

Physical chemistry

Answer 35

the study of the properties and changes of matter and their relationship to energy

Question 36

Analytical chemistry

Answer 36

the identification of the components and composition of materials

Question 37

Biochemistry

Answer 37

the study of substances and processes occurring in living things

Question 38

Theoretical chemistry

Answer 38

the use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles being observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds