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Chemistry 1 and 2 (Nixa High) > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Law of conservation of mass

A

Mass is neither created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical reactions or physical changes

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2
Q

Law of definite proportions

A

A chemical compound contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass regardless of the size of the sample or source of the compound

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3
Q

Law of multiple proportions

A

If two or more different compounds are composed of the same two elements, then the ratio of the masses of the second element combined with a certain mass of the second element is always a ratio of small whole numbers

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4
Q

What is the nucleus and what is its charge?

A

A very positive small region located at the center of an atom

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5
Q

What is the charge, size, mass on a proton?

A

Positive, slightly smaller than neutron, 1

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6
Q

What is the charge, mass and size on a eletron?

A

Negative, very tiny, 0

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7
Q

What are neutrons, protons and electrons referred to?

A

Subatomic particles

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8
Q

Why are atoms electrically neutral?

A

They contain equal numbers of protons and electrons

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9
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element

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10
Q

What determines the atom’s identity?

A

The number of protons

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11
Q

What is the radius of the an atom?

A

The distance from the center of the nucleus to the outer portion of its electron cloud, expressed in picometer,pm

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12
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons

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13
Q

How are isotopes defined?

A

They have a different number of neutrons

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14
Q

What is the mass number?

A

The total number of protons and neutrons

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15
Q

What is the term for a specific isotope of an element?

A

Nuclide

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16
Q

What is one atomic mass unit?

A

1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom

17
Q

How can you find the average atomic mass?

A

Multiplying the atomic mass of each isotope by its relative abundance (decimal) and adding the results

18
Q

What is the SI unit for amount of substance?

A

Mole

19
Q

How is molar mass written?

A

g/mol

20
Q

What is Avogadro’s number?

A

6.0221415 x 10^23

21
Q

What is the molar mass of an element?

A

The atomic mass of the element in atomic mass units

22
Q

What is the charge on a neutron?

A

Neutral, biggest by a little bit, 1

23
Q

Chemical reaction

A

The transformation of a substance or substances into one or more new substances

24
Q

What are nuclear forces?

A

Th short range p-n, p-p, and n-n forces that hold the nuclear particles together

25
Q

What is the relationship between the magnitude of the charges of protons and electrons?

A

They are equal

26
Q

Who did the oil drop experiment and what did it show?

A

Robert A. Millikan, mass of electron

27
Q

Who did the gold foil experiment (3), what was it, what did it prove (3)?

A

Ernest Rutherford, Hans Geiger, and Ernest Marsden, one in 8000 particles bounced back-> dense positive bundle (nucleus) and elections move around the nucleus very far away, which proves the plum pudding model false

28
Q

What are the five parts of dalton’s theory?

A

All matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms, atoms of a given element are identical in size+mass+other properties: atoms of different elements differ in size+mass and other properties(lodp), atoms cannot be subdivided+created or destroyed(locom), atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios to form chemical compounds, in chemical reactions atoms are separated combined or rearranged

29
Q

Describe the cathode-ray experiment, who was in charge and his model, and what it proved.

A

When current was passed through the tube, the surface of the opposite side glowed. The ray was bent away from the magnet, proving the ray was made of negatively charged particles, which had a high mass-charge ratio Joseph John Thomson-plum pudding

29
Q

What did Chadwick do?

A

He discovered neutrons

30
Q

What is hyphen notation?

A

Name of element- mass number

31
Q

What is nuclear symbol notation?

A

Nuclear symbol with a super script of mass number and a subscript of atomic number

Chemistry 1 and 2 (Nixa High) (15 decks)

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