Chapter 8- Cell Division And Reproduction Flashcards
Cell division is also known as cell _____.
Reproduction
The two “daughter” cells that result from cell division are genetically identical to _____ and _____.
Each other
Their original “parent cell”
What are chromosomes? (Basic)
The structures that contain most of a cell’s genetic information
During cell division, daughter cells receive _____ set of ______ chromosomes from the _____ parent cell.
One
Identical
Lone, original
Each offspring cell from cell division is genetically _____ to _____ and _____.
Identical
The other (each other daughter cell)
Original parent cell
What is asexual reproduction?
The creation of genetically identical offspring by a single parent, without participation of sperm and egg.
Asexual reproduction results in a _____.
Clone
Many ______-celled organisms can reproduce asexually.
Multi
In asexual reproduction, what is the one simple principle of inheritance?
The lone parent and each of its offspring have identical genes
Sexual reproductions requires: _____.
The fusion of gametes, eggs, and sperm.
The production of gametes involves a particular type of ______ occurring only in _____ organs.
Cell division
Reproductive organs
Where are gametes formed in men and women?
Testes and ovaries
A gamete has _____ chromosomes as the parent cell that gave rise to it.
Half as many
Gametes contain _____ combinations of genes.
Unique
In sexual reproduction, offspring are ______ to _____ and ______.
Not identical
Each other (exception: identical twins)
Their parents
Offspring resulting from sexual reproduction generally resemble ______ more than they resemble _____ of the same _____.
Their parents
Unrelated individuals
Species
Offspring of sexual reproduction are _____ upon a common theme of family _____.
Variations
Resemblance
Sexual reproduction requires two _____ with their own _____.
Parents
Gametes
The trillions of _____ in a _____ reproducing organism develop from a _____ fertilized _____ cell.
Cells
Sexually
Single
Fertilized
A zygote is what?
Fertilized egg
Once an organism is fully grown, cell division aids in _____, _____, and _____ of cells that die.
Renewal
Repair
Replacement
Every second, how many cells must divide to replace dead or lost cells?
Millions
Many single celled organisms such as _____ or the ______ yeast cell reproduce by _____.
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotic
Cellular division
Prokaryotes (single celled _____ and _____) reproduce by _____.
Bacteria
Archae
Binary fission
Binary fusion is a type of _____.
Cell division
Binary fission means “_____”.
Dividing in half
Fission is _____, fusion is _____.
Dividing
Combining
In typical prokaryotes, most genes are carried on _____ that, with associated proteins, constitutes an organism’s _____.
One circular DNA molecule
Single chromosome
What are the 3 steps of binary fission?
- As the chromosome duplicates, one copy moves toward the opposite end of the cell
- Cell elongates, chromosomes keep moving
- Once chromosome duplication is complete and cell is 2x size, plasma membrane pinches inward and more cell wall is made, dividing the parent cell into two daughter cells.
Binary fission is accomplished by _____, elongating and ______ and finally _____ dividing the parent cell into _____.
Chromosome duplication
Separation of duplicated chromosome
Pinching of the plasma membrane
2 identical daughter cells
Why is binary fission classified as asexual reproduction?
Because the genetically identical offspring inherit their DNA from a single parent
In binary fission, what occurs first? Building the cell wall, or pinching the plasma membrane?
Pinching of the plasma membrane as the cell wall is being formed
Eukaryotic cell’s are more _____ and much _____ than _____ cells.
Complex
Larger
Prokaryotic
Genes are the units of _____ that specify an organism’s ______.
Information
Inherited traits
Almost all the genes in the cells of humans and other eukaryotes are found in the _____, grouped into _____ of chromosomes.
Multiples
How many chromosomes do normal humans have?
46
Human cells carry how many genes? How about a typical bacterium?
Just under 21,000
About 3,000