Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is Biology?
The scientific study of life
How does a scientist define life?
By identifying shared characteristics of life
What are the 7 characteristics of life?
- Are organized
- Acquire energy
- Maintain homeostasis
- Grow and develop
- Respond to stimuli
- Reproduce
- Adapt and evolve
What is the chemical levels of organization amongst life?
Subatomic particles
Atoms
Biological molecules
What is the cellular level of organization?
Biological molecules
Organelles
Cells
What is the lowest level of structure displaying all characteristics of life?
A cell
What are the structural and functional units of life?
Cells
Cells are enclosed by a….
Membrane
What does the cellular membrane do?
Regulates the passage of materials to and from the cell
All cells contain _________
DNA
What does DNA do? (Broad scope)
Directs the cells many activities
At what level do properties of life begin?
At the cellular level
What are 5 things cells do?
- Regulate its internal environment
- Take in and use energy
- Respond to its environment
- Develop and maintain its complex organization
- Give rise to new cells
The combination of parts produces what?
Emergent properties unique to that specific combination of parts and not intrinsic to any one part
What are the two major categories of cells?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
How many cells must an organism have?
They can be unicellular or multicellular
What are the 13 different organizational levels of life? (Small to big)
AKA The scope of Biology
- Atoms
- Molecules
- Macromolecules
- Organelles
- Cells
- Tissues
- Organs
- Organ systems
- Organisms
- Population
- Community
- Ecosystem
- Biosphere
All living organisms are composed of ________.
Cells
Cells are bounded by a ___________ and contain ___________.
Membrane
Genetic information in DNA
What are the 4 kinds of organic molecules contained within all cells?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleus acids
How many species have been identified by scientists?
1.8 million
What is the estimated number of species on earth?
10-100+million
What is biology’s unifying principle?
Evolution
In what year did Charles Darwin publish “Origin of a Species”?
1859
What explains the unity and diversity of life?
The evolutionary connections among all organisms
What is taxonomy?
The branch of biology that classifies and names species
What is the hierarchical order species are classified in to?
- Species
- Genus
- Family
- Order
- Class
- Phylum
- Kingdom
- Domain
What, of 8, is the least specific/most inclusive classification of species?
Domain
What is the most specific/least inclusive classification of species?
Species
What is the scientific name of species?
Genus + Species
What are the 3 domains of life?
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Domain Eukarya
How many branches are in Domain Eukarya?
4
What are the 4 branches of domain Eukarya?
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
Protista
What has more critters? An order or genus?
Order
What is inductive reasoning?
Specific observations —-> general conclusions
What is seductive reasoning?
General ——> specific
What are variables?
Factors that have an effect on an experiment
What is a controlled experiment?
One in which results from an experimental group are compared to a controlled group
What are the 3 types of variables?
Independent
Dependent
Controlled
What is the difference between an experiment and controlled group?
The experimental group has an independent variable introduced
What type of variable is not changed by other variables?
Independent variable
What type of variable effects a dependent variable?
Independent variable
What variable is under investigation in an experiment?
Independent variables
What is measured and monitored in an experiment?
Dependent variable
What are controlled variables?
Factors that may affect the dependent variable
Why must controlled variables remain constant amongst experimental and control groups?
Because they may affect the dependent variable, they must remain constant
There are no _________ in science.
Absolute truths
What is the sequence of events in a scientific investigation?
Observe Question Hypothesize Experiment Conclusion
