Chapter 2- Matter Flashcards
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and occupies space.
What are 2 types pure substances?
Elements
Compounds
What are the two classifications of matter?
Pure substances
Mixtures
What are the two types of mixtures?
Heterogenous
Homogenous (solutions)
What is an element?
A pure substance which cannot be broken down into anything simpler via physical or chemical means
What is a compound?
A pure substance that can be decomposed by a chemical change into simpler substance with a fixed mass ratio
What is an example of heterogenous mixtures?
Salt and Pepper
What is an example of homogenous mixtures?
Kool-Aid
Even with its vast diversity, all life is based upon ________.
A limited number of chemical elements
What elements comprise the human body?
Oxygen (O) - 65% Carbon (C) - 18.5% Hydrogen (H) - 9.5% Nitrogen (N) - 3.3% Calcium (Ca) - 1.5% Phosphorous (P) - 1.0% Potassium (K) - 0.4% Sulfur (S) - 0.3% Sodium (Na) - 0.2% Chlorine (Cl) - 0.2% Magnesium (Mg) - 0.1% Trace Elements - <0.01%
Every element is composed of _______.
Atoms
Atoms of a given element are ______.
Identical
Atoms of an element are _________ into atoms of another element by chemical processes.
Not changed
Where are protons and neutrons locates?
In the nucleus of an atom
Where are electrons located?
Orbiting in energy levels around the nucleus of an atom
A proton has a _________ charge.
Positive
An electron has a _________ charge.
Negative
A neutron has _________ charge.
No
What is the unit of measure for an atom?
amu
Atomic Mass Unit
1 amu = _______.
The mass of one proton
How much smaller are electrons than 1 amu?
Almost 2,000 times smaller.
Do any elements have the same number of protons?
No
Atomic number =
Number of protons =
What is the mass number?
Protons + Neutrons