Chapter 4- Cells Flashcards
What are 4 basic features of all cells?
- Plasma membrane
- Semifluid substance called cytosol
- DNA molecules called chromosomes (carry genes)
- Ribosomes (make protein)
What are the two types cells?
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic celled organisms exist in what domains??
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
What domains consist of eukaryotic celled organisms?
Protists , Fungi, Animalia, Plantae
What was the first cell type on earth?
Prokaryotes
Prokaryotic cells’ DNA is located where?
The unbound region called the Nucleoid
What don’t prokaryotic cells have?
Membrane bound organelles
In prokaryotes, what is outside the plasma membrane?
A rigid chemically complex cell wall
What does the cellular wall in prokaryotes do?
Protects the cell
Helps maintain its shape
Some prokaryotes have _______.
Surface projections
What is a flagellum, or flagella? What is their function?
Prokaryotic surface projection.
Allows the cell to move.
Some prokaryotic surface projections do what?
Allow prokaryotic cells to join together, or bond to the substrate
Membrane bound organelles exist in what type of cells?
Eukaryotic
Which is larger? Eukaryotes or Prokaryote?
Eukaryote
What are the 3 components of cell theory?
- All living things are composed of one or more cells
- Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism
- Cells come only from existing cells
All living things are composed of _______.
One or more cells
Cells are the basic unit of __________ in an organism.
Structure and function
Cells come only from where?
Existing cells
How big is a human red blood cell?
8 micrometers in diameter
8x(10^-6) meters
What is the smallest cell in the human body?
A sperm cell
Why are cells small?
Because cells are small, they have a higher surface area to volume ratio, allowing for substances to quickly diffuse into and out of a cell
How big is bacteria? Example Eschericia coli (E. coli)
1 X 3 micrometers
What is the formula for surface area?
SA= 6 X (A^2)
SA= 6(sides) X (area of one side squared)
What is the formula for volume?
V= a^3
Volume= length of one side cubed