CHAPTER 8 - ATP ENZYMES

Question 1

Exportation of chemical process and cellular respiration.

Answer 1

Energy is require to do so.

Question 2

Metabolic pathways begin with a molecule - a specific enzyme catalyses this process. What are the two pathways ?

Answer 2

• Anabolism and Catabolism
  1) Anabolism consumes energy to build molecules from small compounds.
  2) Catabolism releases energy by breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules.

Question 3

Define Exergonic and Endergonic reactions and how they differ.

Answer 3

• Exergonic reactions release energy

- Endergonic absorb energy to form bonds.

Question 4

Bio

Answer 4

study of how energy flows through living organisms

Question 5

Bioenergetics

Answer 5

Study of how energy flows through living organisms

Question 6

Energy is what ?

Answer 6

The capacity to do work

Question 7

TRUE or FALSE: Thermal energy deals with the random movement of atoms or molecules.

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

TRUE or FALSE: Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one atom to another.

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

What is potential energy?

Answer 9

Energy that matter posses due to its location or structure

Question 10

Define chemical energy.

Answer 10

Potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction

Question 11

Define Thermodynamics.

Answer 11

Study of energy transformations within a collection of matter or an object.

Question 12

Define Thermodynamics.

Answer 12

Study of energy transformations within a collection of matter or an object.

Question 13

First Law of Thermodynamics states that ….. AKA Principle of Conservation of Energy

Answer 13

Energy of the universe is constant, it can be transferred or transported, but not created or destroyed.

Question 14

Second Law of Thermodynamics. Think about entropy.

Answer 14

• Every energy transferred increases the entropy of the universe.
• Entropy is the measurement of randomness/disorder.

Question 15

Spontaneous Processes

Answer 15

Can occur with any input of energy (spontaneously), but do not happen quickly.

Question 16

Free Energy

Answer 16

Portion of a systems energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are the same/uniform/constant.

Question 17

Substrates react with a reagent to generate a product. Reactant in a chemical reaction.

Answer 17

Enzymes react to substrates in order to bind to them to create a product.

Question 18

What is ATP and what it consists of?

Answer 18

Adenine Triphosphate, it’s composed of a ribose sugar, adenine (nitrogenous base) and a 3 phosphate group.

Question 19

Ezymes

Answer 19

Lower the energy barrier in order to catalyze reactions. (Speeds them up without being consumed)

Question 20

Initial energy needed to start a reactant over an energy barrier.

Answer 20

Activation Energy.

Question 21

Enzymes bind to a substrate and creates a product. What is the name of the binding process?

Answer 21

Enzyme-Substrate Complex.

Question 22

What is the ACTIVE SITE in an enzyme-substrate complex?

Answer 22

The region where the substrate binds.

Question 23

The activity/function of an enzyme is affected by environmental factors.

Answer 23

Temperature, pH, etc.

Question 24

The activity/function of an enzyme is affected by environmental factors.

Answer 24

Temperature, pH, etc.

Question 25

Human enzymes are optimal at what temperature? (Celsius))

Answer 25

35* - 40*

Question 26

Substrate are held in their active site by weak bonds. What are they?

Answer 26

Hydrogen bonds

Question 27

Amino Acids vary based on R groups. These are located on the active sites.

Answer 27

Different amino acids are found on the active site.

Question 28

What holds the enzyme in the active sites?

Answer 28

Aminos with varied R groups.

Question 29

Name the two inhibitiors that prevent enzymes from catalyzing reactions

Answer 29

Competitive vs Noncompetitive.

Question 30

Competitive inhibitors are what?

Answer 30

They bind to the active site of an enzyme, competing with the substrate.

Question 31

Noncompetitive inhibitors bind with what? What do they cause the active site to be?

Answer 31

they bind to another part of the enzyme, causing it to change its shape, making the active site less effective.

Question 32

Feedback Inhibition

Answer 32

Suppression of the enzyme activity