CH 12 - Cell Cycle

Question 1

meiosis is what?

Answer 1

special cell division that produces sperm and egg cells

Question 2

what is a genome?

Answer 2

all of the DNA in a cell

Question 3

DNA is packed into what?

Answer 3

Chromosomes

Question 4

What are somatic cells?

Answer 4

Non-reproductive cells (2 sets of chromosomes

Question 5

What are gametes?

Answer 5

reproductive cells (sperm and egg) that have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells

Question 6

what is the name for each duplicated chromosome?

Answer 6

Sister chromatid. They separate during cell division.

Question 7

What is the centromere of a chromosome?

Answer 7

The narrow waist of a duplicated chromosome

Question 8

Mitosis is what?

Answer 8

cell division

Question 9

What happens to the sister chromatids of each duplicated (DNA Replication) chromosome?

Answer 9

They separate and move into 2 nuclei.

Question 10

What is the name for the separated chromatids?

Answer 10

Chromosomes

Question 11

Mitotic (M) Phase

Answer 11

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Question 12

Mitotic (M) Phase

Answer 12

Mitosis and Cytokinesis - P2MAT

Question 13

Interphase

Answer 13

Cell growth and copying of chromosomes into 3 sub-phases 
90% of the cell cycle 
- G1 (first gap) 
- S (synthesis) (duplication)
- G2 (second gap)

Question 14

Mitosis ?

Answer 14

division of genetic material in the nucleus, divided into 5 phases

Question 15

Cytokinesis ?

Answer 15

division of cytoplasm

Question 16

P2MAT is in the MIOTIC (M) Phase

Answer 16

Prophase - DNA is condensed, chromosomes are present

Prometaphase - nuclear envelope dissolves, spindles attach to chromosomes and separate

Metaphase - metaphase plate is at the center

Anaphase - sister chromatids separate

Telophase - genetically identical daughter nuclei form at opposite ends of the cell

Cytokinesis actually separates the two genetically identical cells into individual cells

Question 17

Binary Fission in bacteria is…? bacteria and archaea

Answer 17

asexual reproduction. Chromosomes replicates and the daughter cells actively move apart

Question 18

Difference btwn mitosis and binary fission?

Answer 18

Constant DNA replication within binary fission.

Question 19

What are growth factors?

Answer 19

external signals / release of proteins by certain cells that stimulate the division process

Question 20

what is the process that transforms a normal cell into a cancerous cell?

Answer 20

Transformation

Question 21

What is the name of a lump of abnormal cells that stay in the original site?

Answer 21

Begning tumor

Question 22

What is the name of the tumor that can invade surrounding tissues?

Answer 22

Malignant Tumors.

Question 23

What can malignant tumor do?

Answer 23

Metasize