CH 12 - Cell Cycle Flashcards
meiosis is what?
special cell division that produces sperm and egg cells
what is a genome?
all of the DNA in a cell
DNA is packed into what?
Chromosomes
What are somatic cells?
Non-reproductive cells (2 sets of chromosomes
What are gametes?
reproductive cells (sperm and egg) that have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells
what is the name for each duplicated chromosome?
Sister chromatid. They separate during cell division.
What is the centromere of a chromosome?
The narrow waist of a duplicated chromosome
Mitosis is what?
cell division
What happens to the sister chromatids of each duplicated (DNA Replication) chromosome?
They separate and move into 2 nuclei.
What is the name for the separated chromatids?
Chromosomes
Mitotic (M) Phase
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Mitotic (M) Phase
Mitosis and Cytokinesis - P2MAT
Interphase
Cell growth and copying of chromosomes into 3 sub-phases 90% of the cell cycle - G1 (first gap) - S (synthesis) (duplication) - G2 (second gap)
Mitosis ?
division of genetic material in the nucleus, divided into 5 phases
Cytokinesis ?
division of cytoplasm
P2MAT is in the MIOTIC (M) Phase
Prophase - DNA is condensed, chromosomes are present
Prometaphase - nuclear envelope dissolves, spindles attach to chromosomes and separate
Metaphase - metaphase plate is at the center
Anaphase - sister chromatids separate
Telophase - genetically identical daughter nuclei form at opposite ends of the cell
Cytokinesis actually separates the two genetically identical cells into individual cells
Binary Fission in bacteria is…? bacteria and archaea
asexual reproduction. Chromosomes replicates and the daughter cells actively move apart
Difference btwn mitosis and binary fission?
Constant DNA replication within binary fission.
What are growth factors?
external signals / release of proteins by certain cells that stimulate the division process
what is the process that transforms a normal cell into a cancerous cell?
Transformation
What is the name of a lump of abnormal cells that stay in the original site?
Begning tumor
What is the name of the tumor that can invade surrounding tissues?
Malignant Tumors.
What can malignant tumor do?
Metasize
