Chapter 8: Applied Psychology

Question 1

How did Wundt’s psychology evolve according to the American Zeitgeist?

Answer 1

Structuralism evolved into functionalism- focus on what the mind does rather than what it is

Question 2

When was there a rapid growth of psychology research and practice in the US?

Answer 2

1800-1900

Question 3

What was the 1893 Chicago World’s fair?

Answer 3

Psychology was put on display with research instruments and a demonstration testing lab.

Question 4

Who was Henry Goddard?

Answer 4

Teacher who taught at both a normal school and a disabled school- translated the Binet-Simon test, was also a proponent of inheritance in intelligence

Question 5

What was Ellis Island?

Answer 5

Hosted dmillions of immigrants from Europe.

Question 6

How was Goddard involved with Ellis island?

Answer 6

1912- hired to administer the Binet-Simon scale to immigrants

Question 7

What percentage of immigrants were “mentally defective” and ultimately deported?

Answer 7

40-50%.

Question 8

What did early IQ testing show about IQ differences between minority groups and the majority?

Answer 8

They had lower IQs, leading some to believe that this meant these groups were less intelligent.

Question 9

Are IQ differences environmental or biological?

Answer 9

Environmental

Question 10

What did Horace Mann Bond contribute to IQ testing and culture?

Answer 10

Argued that IQ score differences between blacks and whites were due to the environment- found that blacks in northern states had higher IQs than whites in southern states.

Question 11

How did Florence L Goodenough contribute to the testing movement?

Answer 11

Developed the “draw-a-man” test to test intelligence in children.

Question 12

How did Maude Merrill James contribute to the testing movement?

Answer 12

Wrote with Lewis Terman the 1937 revision of the Stanford-Binet intelligence test

Question 13

Who was Psyche Cattell?

Answer 13

Daughter of McKeen Cattell. Developed the Cattell infant intelligence scale and was the first single woman in the US to adopt a child

Question 14

Who was Anne Anastasi?

Answer 14

Published more than 150 articles on psychological testing- most prominent female psychologist in the english speaking world.

Question 15

Who was Lightner Witmer?

Answer 15

Studied with Cattell, one of the original founding group of APA in 1982. 1st actual clinical psychologist. Wrote two papers which mentioned psychology clinic for the first time.

Question 16

When was the first ever psychology clinic opened and who was it opened by?

Answer 16

1896, Lightner Witmer.

Question 17

What were some of Witmer’s contributions?

Answer 17

Started worlds first psychology clinic, assessed and treated learning and behavioural problems in school children, offered first college course on clinical psych, started first clinical psych journal

Question 18

How did Witmer first evaluate children?

Answer 18

Looked at their physical functioning: emotional and cognitive functioning could be affected by physical problems

Social workers gave a summary of family history: genetic factors largely responsible for behavioral and cognitive disturbances (later Witmer realized that the enviro was important)

Question 19

Who was Walter Dill Scott?

Answer 19

A man interested in efficiency from an early age, worked with Wundt in Germany then moved away from his psychology to focus on personnel selection, management, and advertising.

Question 20

What was Walter Dill Scott’s ideas on advertising and human suggestibility?

Answer 20

Argued that consumers do not act rationally and can be easily influenced- women as more easily persuaded. Recommended that advertisers use direct commands.

Question 21

How did Walter Dill Scott study employee selection?

Answer 21

Rating scales and group tests to measure the characteristics of successful people- measured IQ but also how they used it.

Question 22

Who was Lillian Gilbreth?

Answer 22

Promoted time-and-motion analysis as a technique to improve efficiency in job performance. Discriminated against. Ideas applied to organization of the home (ex: shelves in a refrigerator door)

Question 23

Who was Hugo Munsterberg?

Answer 23

Accompished child with many interests, Wundt’s grad student at Leipzig. James hired him as psychology lab director at Harvard.

Question 24

Why was Hugo Munsterberg controversial?

Answer 24

Administered psychological tests to a defendant at a trial, ridiculed after. Took money from the alcohol industry when opposing prohibition, controversial beliefs about women in academia.

Question 25

How did Hugo Munsterberg contribute to forensic psychology?

Answer 25

Crime prevention, hypnosis to question suspects, mental tests to detect guilty persons, questionable trustworthiness of eyewitness testimony

Question 26

What was Hugo Munsterbergs ideas on psychotherapy?

Answer 26

Treated patients for free, used suggestion and his stature as an authority figure. Believed mental illness to be a behavioral maladjustement problem (no subconscious). Denounced by Witmer and Freud.

Question 27

What are some of the areas of Industrial Psychology?

Answer 27

Vocational guidance, advertising, personnel management, mental testing, employee motivation, effects of fatigue and monotony on job performance.

Question 28

Why did applied psychology begin to prosper in the US?

Answer 28

End of the world wars- people believed psychologists could fix and sell anything. Increasing demand to fix real world problems, more popular than academic psych.