Chapter 8: Anxiety & OCD

Question 1

a mood state characterized by strong
negative emotion and bodily symptoms of tension in
anticipation of future danger or misfortune

Answer 1

Anxiety

Question 2

is a self-defeating behavior

pattern – fear with no threat

Answer 2

The neurotic paradox

Question 3

– Immediate reaction to perceived danger or threat

aimed at escaping potential harm

Answer 3

Fight/flight response

Question 4

– The brain sends messages to the sympathetic nervous

system, fight/flight response

Answer 4

Physical system

Question 5

– Activation leads to feelings of apprehension,

nervousness, difficulty concentrating, and panic

Answer 5

Cognitive system

Question 6

– Aggression is coupled with a desire to escape the

threatening situation

Answer 6

Behavioral system

Question 7

• future-oriented mood state

– May occur in absence of realistic danger

Answer 7

•Anxiety

Question 8

• present-oriented emotional reaction
  – Occurs in the face of a current danger and marked by
  a strong escape tendency

Answer 8

Fear

Question 9

– A group of physical symptoms of fight/flight response
- unexpectedly occur in the absence of obvious danger
or threat

Answer 9

• Panic

Question 10

– Emotions and rituals that increase feelings of control

are common in children and teens

Answer 10

• Moderate fear and anxiety are adaptive

Question 11

– Fears that are normal at one age can be debilitating a
few years later
– A fear defined as normal depends on its effect on the
child and how long it lasts
– The number and types of fears change over time

Answer 11

Normal fears

Question 12

is distinguished by:
– Age-inappropriate, excessive, and disabling
anxiety about being apart from parents or away

Answer 12

SAD

Question 13

is one of the two most common childhood
anxiety disorders
• Occurs in 4-10% of children
– It is more prevalent in girls than in boys
• More than 2/3 of children with___ have another
anxiety disorder and about half develop a depressive
disorder

Answer 13

SAD

Question 14

has the earliest reported age of onset of anxiety
disorders (7-8 years of age) and the youngest age at
referral

Answer 14

SAD

Question 15

Age-inappropriate persistent, irrational, or
exaggerated fear that leads to avoidance of the
feared object or event and causes impairment in
normal routine
– Lasts at least 6 months
– Extreme and disabling fear of objects or situations
that in reality pose little or no danger or threat
– Child goes to great lengths to avoid the
object/situation

Answer 15

Specific Phobia

Question 16

– About 20% of children are affected at some point
in their lives, although few are referred for
treatment
– More common in girls
• Onset, course, and outcome
– Onset at 7-9 years - phobias involving animals,
darkness, insects, blood, and injury
– Clinical phobias are more likely than normal fears

Answer 16

Specific Phobia

Question 17

A marked, persistent fear of social or performance
requirements that expose the child to scrutiny and
possible embarrassment
Anxiety over mundane activities
– Most common fear is doing something in front of
others
– More likely than other children to be highly
emotional, socially fearful; and inhibited, sad, and
lonely

Answer 17

Social Anxiety

Question 18

• Failure to talk in specific social situations, even
though they may speak loudly and frequently at
home or other settings
• Estimated to occur in 0.7% of children
• Average age of onset is 3-4 years
• May be an extreme type of social phobia, but there
are differences between the two disorders

Answer 18

Selective Mutism

Question 19

– Characteristics: sudden, overwhelming period of
intense fear or discomfort accompanied by four or
more physical and cognitive symptoms
characteristic of the fight/flight response

Answer 19

Panic attacks

Question 20

In severe cases, high anticipatory anxiety and
situation avoidance may lead to agoraphobia
– Fear of being alone in and avoiding certain places
or situations
– Fear of having a panic attack in situations where
escape would be difficult or help is unavailable
– Does not usually develop until age 18 or older

Answer 20

Panic Disorder

Question 21

– Excessive, uncontrollable anxiety and worry
– Worrying can be episodic or almost continuous
– Worry excessively about minor everyday
occurrences
• Accompanied by at least one somatic symptom, such
as:
– Headaches, stomach aches, muscle tension, and
trembling

Answer 21

Generalized Anxiety Disorder(GAD)

Question 22

An unusual disorder of ritual and doubt
– Characterized by recurrent, time-consuming and
disturbing obsessions and compulsions
• Obsessions: persistent and intrusive thoughts, urges, or
images - experienced as intrusive and unwanted
• Compulsions: repetitive, purposeful, and intentional
behaviors or mental acts performed to relieve anxiety

Answer 22

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Question 23

Children with anxiety disorders display a number of

associated characteristics

Answer 23

– Cognitive disturbances
– Physical symptoms
– Social and emotional deficits
– Anxiety and depression

Question 24

persistent negative mood

Answer 24

Negative affectivity

Question 25

persistent positive mood

Answer 25

Positive affectivity

Question 26

– Anxieties and phobias seen as defenses against
unconscious conflicts rooted in the child’s early
upbringing

Answer 26

Classical psychoanalytic theory

Question 27

– Fears and anxieties learned through classical
conditioning and maintained through operant
conditioning (two-factor theory)

Answer 27

Behavioral and learning theories

Question 28

– Fearfulness is biologically rooted in the emotional
attachment needed for survival
– Early insecure attachments lead children to view
the environment as undependable, unavailable,
hostile, and threatening
• Leading to development of anxiety and avoidance
behaviors

Answer 28

Bowlby’s theory of attachment