Chapter 11 Flashcards
believed disease was
caused by an imbalance in the body’s basic elements
Ancient Greek philosophers
belief that mental and physical
illnesses resulted from demonic possession
Medieval period
Charcot and Freud studied the role of
the mind in physical symptoms
19th century
The Society of Pediatric Psychology was
established to connect psychology and pediatrics
1968
SPP established the Journal of Pediatric
Psychology
1976
is the primary activity of the brain during the
early years of development
Sleep
Sleep disorders can
Cause other psychological problems
• Result from other disorders
• Mimic or worsen symptoms of major disorders
– Infants and toddlers
more night-waking
problems
Preschoolers
more falling-asleep problems
Younger school-aged children
more going-to bed problems
Primary sleep disorders are the result of:
– Abnormalities in the body’s ability to regulate
sleep-wake mechanisms
– The timing of sleep
disorders of initiating or maintaining
sleep
– Are characterized by difficulty getting enough
sleep, not sleeping when one wants to, and not
feeling refreshed from sleep
– Involve disruptions in the sleep process
– May resolve themselves as the child matures
– Are quite common in childhood, with the
exception of narcolepsy
Dyssomnias
Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or sleep that is not restorative; in infants, repetitive, night walking and inability to fall asleep
Insomnia
Excessive sleepiness is displayed as either prolonged sleep episodes or daytime sleep episodes
Hypersomnolence Disorder
Irresistible attacks of refreshing sleep occurring daily, accompanied by brief episodes of loss of muscle tone
Narcolepsy
Sleep disruption leading to excessive sleepiness or insomnia that is caused by sleep-related breathing difficulties
Breathing related sleep disorder
Persistent or recurrent sleep disruption leading to excessive sleepiness or insomnia due to a mismatch between the sleep-wake schedule required by a persons environment and his or her internal sleep cycle (Circadian rhythm) late sleep onset (after midnight), difficulty awakening in the morning, sleeping in on weekends, resistance to change.
Circadian Rhythm sleep disorder
Disorders in which behavioral or physiological events
intrude on ongoing sleep
– Involve physiological or cognitive arousal at
inappropriate times during sleep-wake cycle
– Complaints of unusual behaviors while asleep
– Common afflictions of early to mid-childhood
– Include nightmares (REM parasomnias) and sleep
terrors and sleepwalking (often referred to as
arousal parasomnias)
Parasomnias
Repeated awakenings with a detailed recall of extended and extremely frightening dreams, usually involving threats, to survival, security, or self-esteem; generally occurs during the second half of the sleep period
Nightmare Disorder
Recurrent episodes of abrupt awakening from sleep, usually occurring during the first third of the major sleep episode and beginning with a panicky scream; accompanied by autonomic discharge, racing heart, sweating, vocalized, distress, glassy-eyed staring; difficult to arouse, inconsolable, disoriented; no memory of episodes in morning.
Sleep terrors
Repetead episodes of arising from bed during sleep and walking about, usually during the first third of the major sleep episodes; poorly coordinated, difficutl to arouse, disoriented; no memory of episodes in morning
Sleepwalking
can turn into distressing and
chronic difficulties
– Can affect participation in education and social
activities
Elimination Disorders
Two elimination problems occurring during
childhood and adolescence
– Enuresis
– Encopresis
Involuntary discharge of urine during day or night
Enuresis
Three subtypes of Enuresis
-Nocturnal only
- most common; wetting occurs
only during sleep at night
– Diurnal only - passage of urine during waking
hours, more common in females
• May be associated with social anxiety or preoccupation
with a school event
– Combination of nocturnal and diurnal
The passage of feces in inappropriate places
Encopresis
is one that:
– Persists for more than three months in a given
year or requires a period of continuous
hospitalization for more than one month
• 10-20% of youths under age 18 will experience one
or more chronic health conditions
– Approximately 5% of these children suffer from a
disease so severe that it interferes with daily
activities
Chronic Illness
involve
physical symptoms that resemble or suggest a
medical condition but lack organic or physiological
evidence
Somatoform disorders
is the most common chronic illness in
childhood
Asthma
viewed as a form of major stress that
requires adaptation
– Helps researchers identify factors promoting
successful adaptation to chronic illnesses
Chronic illness
is a lifelong
metabolic disorder
– The body is unable to metabolize carbohydrates as
a result of inadequate pancreatic release of insulin
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
In comparison to adults, onset in children is more
sudden and the disease is often at a more advanced
stage when first diagnosed
Most common form is acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Childhood Cancer
is the most prevalent substance used and
abused by adolescents
Alcohol
Alcohol use before age __ is a strong predictor of
subsequent alcohol abuse or dependence
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