Chapter 11

Question 1

believed disease was

caused by an imbalance in the body’s basic elements

Answer 1

Ancient Greek philosophers

Question 2

belief that mental and physical

illnesses resulted from demonic possession

Answer 2

Medieval period

Question 3

Charcot and Freud studied the role of

the mind in physical symptoms

Answer 3

19th century

Question 4

The Society of Pediatric Psychology was

established to connect psychology and pediatrics

Answer 4

1968

Question 5

SPP established the Journal of Pediatric

Psychology

Answer 5

1976

Question 6

is the primary activity of the brain during the

early years of development

Answer 6

Sleep

Question 7

Sleep disorders can

Answer 7

Cause other psychological problems
• Result from other disorders
• Mimic or worsen symptoms of major disorders

Question 8

– Infants and toddlers

Answer 8

more night-waking

problems

Question 9

Preschoolers

Answer 9

more falling-asleep problems

Question 10

Younger school-aged children

Answer 10

more going-to bed problems

Question 11

Primary sleep disorders are the result of:

Answer 11

– Abnormalities in the body’s ability to regulate
sleep-wake mechanisms
– The timing of sleep

Question 12

disorders of initiating or maintaining
sleep
– Are characterized by difficulty getting enough
sleep, not sleeping when one wants to, and not
feeling refreshed from sleep
– Involve disruptions in the sleep process
– May resolve themselves as the child matures
– Are quite common in childhood, with the
exception of narcolepsy

Answer 12

Dyssomnias

Question 13

Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or sleep that is not restorative; in infants, repetitive, night walking and inability to fall asleep

Answer 13

Insomnia

Question 14

Excessive sleepiness is displayed as either prolonged sleep episodes or daytime sleep episodes

Answer 14

Hypersomnolence Disorder

Question 15

Irresistible attacks of refreshing sleep occurring daily, accompanied by brief episodes of loss of muscle tone

Answer 15

Narcolepsy

Question 16

Sleep disruption leading to excessive sleepiness or insomnia that is caused by sleep-related breathing difficulties

Answer 16

Breathing related sleep disorder

Question 17

Persistent or recurrent sleep disruption leading to excessive sleepiness or insomnia due to a mismatch between the sleep-wake schedule required by a persons environment and his or her internal sleep cycle (Circadian rhythm) late sleep onset (after midnight), difficulty awakening in the morning, sleeping in on weekends, resistance to change.

Answer 17

Circadian Rhythm sleep disorder

Question 18

Disorders in which behavioral or physiological events
intrude on ongoing sleep
– Involve physiological or cognitive arousal at
inappropriate times during sleep-wake cycle
– Complaints of unusual behaviors while asleep
– Common afflictions of early to mid-childhood
– Include nightmares (REM parasomnias) and sleep
terrors and sleepwalking (often referred to as
arousal parasomnias)

Answer 18

Parasomnias

Question 19

Repeated awakenings with a detailed recall of extended and extremely frightening dreams, usually involving threats, to survival, security, or self-esteem; generally occurs during the second half of the sleep period

Answer 19

Nightmare Disorder

Question 20

Recurrent episodes of abrupt awakening from sleep, usually occurring during the first third of the major sleep episode and beginning with a panicky scream; accompanied by autonomic discharge, racing heart, sweating, vocalized, distress, glassy-eyed staring; difficult to arouse, inconsolable, disoriented; no memory of episodes in morning.

Answer 20

Sleep terrors

Question 21

Repetead episodes of arising from bed during sleep and walking about, usually during the first third of the major sleep episodes; poorly coordinated, difficutl to arouse, disoriented; no memory of episodes in morning

Answer 21

Sleepwalking

Question 22

can turn into distressing and
chronic difficulties
– Can affect participation in education and social
activities

Answer 22

Elimination Disorders

Question 23

Two elimination problems occurring during

childhood and adolescence

Answer 23

– Enuresis

– Encopresis

Question 24

Involuntary discharge of urine during day or night

Answer 24

Enuresis

Question 25

Three subtypes of Enuresis

Answer 25

-Nocturnal only
- most common; wetting occurs
only during sleep at night
– Diurnal only - passage of urine during waking
hours, more common in females
• May be associated with social anxiety or preoccupation
with a school event
– Combination of nocturnal and diurnal

Question 26

The passage of feces in inappropriate places

Answer 26

Encopresis

Question 27

is one that:
– Persists for more than three months in a given
year or requires a period of continuous
hospitalization for more than one month
• 10-20% of youths under age 18 will experience one
or more chronic health conditions
– Approximately 5% of these children suffer from a
disease so severe that it interferes with daily
activities

Answer 27

Chronic Illness

Question 28

involve
physical symptoms that resemble or suggest a
medical condition but lack organic or physiological
evidence

Answer 28

Somatoform disorders

Question 29

is the most common chronic illness in

childhood

Answer 29

Asthma

Question 30

viewed as a form of major stress that
requires adaptation
– Helps researchers identify factors promoting
successful adaptation to chronic illnesses

Answer 30

Chronic illness

Question 31

is a lifelong
metabolic disorder
– The body is unable to metabolize carbohydrates as
a result of inadequate pancreatic release of insulin

Answer 31

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Question 32

In comparison to adults, onset in children is more
sudden and the disease is often at a more advanced
stage when first diagnosed
Most common form is acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Answer 32

Childhood Cancer

Question 33

is the most prevalent substance used and

abused by adolescents

Answer 33

Alcohol

Question 34

Alcohol use before age __ is a strong predictor of

subsequent alcohol abuse or dependence

Answer 34

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