Chapt 10: Trauma and stressor Flashcards
Trauma- and stressor-related disorders
Includes:
– Acute Stress Disorder – Adjustment Disorder – Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) – Reactive Attachment Disorder – Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
Four primary acts of child maltreatment
– Physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional
abuse
– Wide-ranging effects of maltreatment on the child’s
physical and emotional development
Non-accidental trauma
– Abuse or mistreatment of someone whose ability to
protect himself or herself is limited
Victimization
– Spurred efforts to value the rights and needs of
children, to recognize their exploitation and abuse
in developed countries
1989 Convention on the Rights of Children
Healthy parenting includes:
– Knowledge of child development and expectations
– Adequate coping skills and ways to enhance
development through stimulation and attention
– Normal parent-child attachment and
communication
appropriate and healthy forms of
child-rearing actions that promote child
development
Positive end
- poor/dysfunctional actions
represent irresponsible and harmful child care
Middle range
parents who violate their children’s
basic needs and dependency status in a physically,
sexually, or emotionally intrusive or abusive
Negative end
progressive “wear and tear” on
biological systems due to chronic stress
Allostatic load
“Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent
or caretaker, which results in death, serious physical or
emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation, or an
act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of
serious harm”
Maltreatment
– Refusal or delay in seeking health care, expulsion
from the home, or refusal to allow a runaway to
return home, abandonment, and inadequate
supervision
Physical neglect
– Allowing chronic truancy, failing to enroll a child of
mandatory school age in school, or failing to
attend to a child’s special educational needs
Educational neglect
– Marked inattention to a child’s needs for affection,
refusal or failure to provide needed psychological
care, spousal abuse in the child’s presence, and
permission of drug/alcohol use by the child
Emotional neglect
• Multiple acts of aggression, including punching,
beating, kicking, biting, burning, shaking, or
otherwise physically harming a child
• Injuries are often the result of over discipline or
severe physical punishment
• Physically abused children are often described as
more disruptive and aggressive
• Repeated acts or omissions that may cause serious
behavioral, cognitive, emotional, or mental disorders
• Exists in all forms of maltreatment
• Can be as harmful as to a child’s development as
physical abuse or neglect
Physical Abuse
• Fondling a child’s genitals, intercourse with the child,
incest, rape, sodomy, exhibitionism, and commercial
exploitation through prostitution or the production
of pornographic materials
• May significantly affect behavior, development, and
physical health of sexually abused children
Reactions and recovery of sexually abused children
vary, depending on the nature of the assault and
responses of important others
– Many acute symptoms resemble children’s
common reactions to stress
Sexual Abuse
• Commercial or sexual exploitation, such as child
labor and child prostitution
• Significant form of trauma for children and
adolescents worldwide
– As many as ten million children may be victims of
child prostitution, the sex industry, sex tourism,
and pornography
Exploitation
– The development during or within 1 month after
exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor of at
least nine symptoms associated with intrusion,
negative mood, dissociation, avoidance, and
arousal
Acute stress disorder
Sexual abuse, in particular, can lead to traumatic
sexualization, in which a child’s sexual knowledge
and behavior are shaped in developmentally
inappropriate ways
Sexual Adjustment
