Chapter 8 and 9: the Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Flashcards
Clavicle
Only bone that articulates with the axial skeleton
interosseous membrane
connects radius and ulna; syndesmoses (diarthrosis)
carpus
wrist
metacarpus
deep to the palm
phalanges
fingers
acetabulum
formed by the joining of the ischium, illium, and pubis
sesamoid bone
forms within a tendon ex: patella
tibia
more massive medial bone of the leg; receives weight of the body from the femur when standing directly up
fibula
stick-like lateral bone of the leg
bones in the foots
7 tarsal bones
trochlea of the talus
site of articulation with the tibia and fibula
synarthroses
immovable; common in axial skeleton
amphiarthroses
slightly movable; common in axial skeleton
diarthroses
freely movable; common in appendicular skeleton (all synovial joints)
Structural classification of joints
fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
fibrous joints
bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue and have no joint cavity
suture
fibrous joint; tight, minimal amount of fibrous tissue, skull only
synostes
closed sutures; ossify in middle age
syndesmoses
fibrous joint; connected exclusively by ligaments; amount of movement depends on length of fibers
tibiofibular joint
syndesmoses; immovable (synarthrosis)
gomphoses
fibrous joint; peg-in-socket joint; connected to mandible or maxillary by the periodontal ligament (tooth in a socket)
cartilaginous joints
bones are united by cartilage; no joint cavity; not highly moveable
synchondroses
cartilaginous joint where hyalin cartilage unites the bones; epiphyseal plates; joint between first rib and manubrium
symphyses
cartilaginous joint where fibrocartilage unites the bones; hyaline cartilage on the bony surfaces and fibrocartilage in center; ex: intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis
synovial joints
most movable type of joint (diarthroses); each contains a fluid-filled joint cavity
articular cartilage
ends of bones covered with hyaline cartilage; absorbs compression
joint cavity
potential space that holds a small amount of synovial fluid
articular capsule
joint cavity is enclose in a two-layered capsule; outer fibrous layer
synovial membrane
loose connective tissue; lines joint capsule makes synovial fluid
synovial fluid
viscous liquid inside joint cavity; filtrate of blood; glycoprotein molecules; weeping lubrication
reinforcing ligaments
thickened parts of the fibrous capsule; extracapsular ligaments and intracapsular ligaments
bursa
flattened fibrous sac lined by a synovial membrane; not synovial joints
tendone sheath
elongated bursa wrapped around a tendon; not synovial joints
gliding
one bone across the surface of another
angular movement
movements change the angle
rotation
turning movement in a bone around longitudinal axis
nonaxial
adjoining bones do not move around a specific
uniaxial
movement occurs around a single axis
biaxial
movement can occur around two axes
multiaxial
movement can occur around all three axes and planes
types of synovial joints
plane, hinge, pivot, and condylar
factors influencing stability of synovial joints
articular surfaces; ligaments; and muscle tone
