Chapter 4: Tissues

Question 1

Tissue

Answer 1

group of similar cells (an extracellular material) that perform similar functions

Question 2

covering and lining epithelium

Answer 2

covers outer and inner surfaces of body organs

Question 3

glandular epithelium

Answer 3

forms most of the body glands

Question 4

functions of epithelia

Answer 4

protection, secretion, absorption, diffusion, filtration, and sensory reception

Question 5

cellularity

Answer 5

cells separated by minimal extracellular material

Question 6

specialized contacts

Answer 6

cells joined by special junctions

Question 7

polarity

Answer 7

cell regions of the apical surface differ from th basal surface

Question 8

support by connective tissue

Answer 8

epithelia gets support by connective tissue

Question 9

avascular but innervates

Answer 9

cells receive nutrients from capillaries in the underlying connective tissues, lacks blood vessels

Question 10

regeneration

Answer 10

cells can replace lost cells by mitosis, as long as they receive adequate nutrition

Question 11

basal lamina

Answer 11

thin sheet of protein that underlies an epithelium; acts as a filter and has a role in epithelial regeneration

Question 12

basement membrane

Answer 12

a layer between epithelium and the underlying connective tissue; consists of both a basal lamina and a network of reticular fibers

Question 13

microvilli

Answer 13

fingerlike extensions of plasma membrane (apical surface features)

Question 14

cilia

Answer 14

whiplike, highly motile extensions of surface membranes of certain epithelia; contains a core of microtubules (apical surface features)

Question 15

Kartagener’s Syndrome

Answer 15

immotile cilia; leads to chronic respiratory infection; can also have situs inversus

Question 16

simple

Answer 16

single layer of cells

Question 17

stratified

Answer 17

more than one layer of cells

Question 18

squamous

Answer 18

flat cells

Question 19

cuboidal

Answer 19

cube-shaped

Question 20

columnar

Answer 20

cells are taller than they are wide, like columns

Question 21

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 21

located in epidermis; surface cells are dead and full of protective keratin

Question 22

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 22

forms moist lining of esophagus, mouth and vagina

Question 23

endocrine glands

Answer 23

ductless glands that release hormones into the extracellular space

Question 24

multicellular exocrine glands

Answer 24

have ducts that carry their product to the epithelia surface

Question 25

unicellular exocrine glands (the goblet cell)

Answer 25

individual mucus-secreting cells of the respiratory and digestive tracts

Question 26

Main classes of connective tissue

Answer 26

(most diverse and abundant tissue): connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone tissue, and blood

Question 27

Special characteristics of connective tissue

Answer 27

relatively few cells, lots of extracellular matrix(composed of ground substance); embryonic origin from mesenchyme

Question 28

connective tissue proper

Answer 28

two subclasses: loose (i.e. areolar, adipose, and reticular) and dense (i.e. dense irregular, dense regular, and elastic)

Question 29

Cartilage

Answer 29

firm, flexible tissue; contains no blood vessels or nerves; cell type-chondrocyte

Question 30

types of cartilage

Answer 30

hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage