Chapter 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissue

Question 1

perichondrium

Answer 1

a membrane of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage

Question 2

hyaline cartilage

Answer 2

most abundant cartilage; flexible and resilient; forms the embryonic skeleton

Question 3

elastic cartilage

Answer 3

contains many elastic fibers and collagen; tolerates repeated bending

Question 4

fibrocartilage

Answer 4

resists strong compression and strong tension; intermediate between hyaline and dense regular connective cartilage; thick collagen fibers

Question 5

appositional growth

Answer 5

growth from outside

Question 6

interstitial growth

Answer 6

growth from within

Question 7

bone tissue cells

Answer 7

3 types produce or maintain bone

Question 8

osteoprogenitor cells

Answer 8

stem cells; become osteoblasts

Question 9

osteoblasts

Answer 9

produce bone matrix (ground substance and collagen)

Question 10

osteocytes

Answer 10

keep bone matrix healthy(mature osteoblasts)

Question 11

osteoclasts

Answer 11

large cell that resorbs or breaks down the bone matrix

Question 12

proper bone development

Answer 12

controlled balance of osteoblast and osteoclast activity

Question 13

long bones

Answer 13

longer than they are wide

Question 14

short bones

Answer 14

roughly cube-shaped

Question 15

sesamoid bones

Answer 15

form within tendons

Question 16

flat bones

Answer 16

thin and flattened; usually curved

Question 17

irregular bones

Answer 17

various shapes, do not fit into other categories

Question 18

compact bone

Answer 18

dense external layer of bone

Question 19

spongy bone

Answer 19

internal network of bone; open spaces are filled with red or yellow bone marrow

Question 20

diaphysis

Answer 20

elongated shaft on long bone

Question 21

epiphysis

Answer 21

ends of a long bone, attached to shaft

Question 22

medullary cavity

Answer 22

filled with yellow marrow (fat)

Question 23

membranes

Answer 23

periosteum(outside) & endosteum (inside)

Question 24

flat, short, and irregular bones

Answer 24

have no diaphysis or epiphyses; contain marrow, but have no marrow cavity

Question 25

bone design and stress

Answer 25

anatomy of a bone reflects stresses; compression and tension greatest at external bone surfaces

Question 26

osteons

Answer 26

long cylindrical structures; supports; resembles rings of a tree in cross-section
ex: lamellae and central canal

Question 27

ossification

Answer 27

process of bone tissue formation

Question 28

membranous bones

Answer 28

developed from mesenchymal membrane through intramembranous ossification

Question 29

endochondral bones

Answer 29

develop as hyaline cartilage, which is replaced through endochondral ossification

Question 30

epiphyseal plates

Answer 30

growth cause long bones to lengthen; maintains constant thickness

Question 31

bone deposition

Answer 31

accomplished by osteoblasts