chapter 8 and 9 Flashcards
solution
homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances
Molarity
The amount of moles of a substance in a given liter
if concentration is in molarity what is volume in
LITERS
Strong electrolyte
when dissolved in water, conducts electricity well. Breaks down into ions
Weak electrolyte
when dissolved into water. these conduct electricity weakly. low charge low conduction
non electrolyte
dont conduct eletricity
does not dissociate into ions
ex sugar
What are the 3 types of reactions we covered
precipitate
acid base
redux
precipitate reactions
2 solutions combine to form a solid
chemical equation
the normal equation you are thinking of
complete ionic solution
this is the normal equation except rather than writing each compound, break each into ions and make a coeffiicient with their total numbers
net ionic Equations
The ionic equation without the spectator ions
spectator ions
the ions that do not change or engage in chemistry
acid base reactions
the reactions of a proton/base and a hydroxide in order to form water, or something and water
redox reactions
reaction in which one element is reduced and one is oxidized
transfer of one electron to another element
oxidation state
the basic charge of each indevidual atom
sum of oxidation states on an atom
charge of speciec
oxidation
losing an electron
reduction
gaining an electron
oxidation state of an element or atom in its natural alone form
0
alkali metals oxidation state
1+
alkaline earthmetals oxidation state
+2
Fleuronine oxidation state
-1
hydrogen oxidation state
+1 CC
Oxygen oxidation state
-2 CC
Halogens oxidation state
-1
chalogens oxidation state (o row)
-2
pnictogens oxidation state (N row)
-3
the most electronegative element will
have the negative oxidation state
Thermochemistry
the study of the relationship between chemnistry and energy
energy is
either the capacity to do work or heat
work(omega)
a force applied acoss a given distance
coherent,directed
heat(q)
the amount od energu that can be used to raise the temperature of an object some delta t
incoherent indiredt
heat flows…
between objects in contact of different temps
heat and work are ways in wich
eneergu is transfered between substances
kinetic energy
the energy associated with motion
thermal energy that can be transfered as heat from one atom or molecule to another
KE
1/2mv^2
Potential energy
a function of position and composition
energy stored between bonds
temp
the measure of the average KE of all of the molecules
law of conservation of energuy
cant be created or destroyed
1st law of thermodynamics
total energu of the universe is constant
internal energu(E)
the sum of the KE and the PE
state function
energy of a system only depends on state of the system not on how it came to be
