chaper 1 Flashcards
extrinsic properties
the propery depends on how much of the substance there is ie mass
intrinsic
the property does not depend on the amount of the substance there
multiplying sig figs
final product has the same number as the smallest sig fig multiple
adding and subtracting sig figs
smallest number after decimal point is kept
chemistry
the study of the nature and properties and transformations of matter
physical change
reversable ie change of state
chemical change
not reversabe. the rearragnement of the atoms of chemical compounds into separate compounds
solid to gas
sublimation
gas to solid
deposition
liquid to solid
freezing
solid to liquid
melting
liquid to gas
vaporization
gas to liquid
condensation
two types of vaporization
evaporation and boiling
evaporation
liquid to gas at the interface. ie the part of the liquid touching the air
boiling
the max temp a liquid can remain a liquid
4 basic assumptions of atomic theory
- all matter is composed of matter
- all atoms of a given element differ form the atoms of another element
- chemical compounds are combined in specific ratios
- chemical reactions only alter the way atoms are arranged, not the elements themseves.
what is an atom made out of
protons nutrons and electrons
explain the subatomic level of an atom
neutrons weigh more than protons and electrons
neutrons have no charge
pro += ele-
elements are defined by
the number of protons
atomic number
the number of protons
mass number
the mass of both protons and nutrons
isotope
atonms of a single element with varying number of neutrons
the mole
6.022e23
ion
a charged particle
cation
a positively charged particle
anion
a negatively charged particle
how is atomic mass calculated
Atomic mass is calculated using isotopes. It is equal to the summation of the products of the masses of the isotopes and their respective fractional natural abundances.
what is a mole
A mole is defined as the amount of material containing 6.0221421×1023 particles (Avogadro’s number).
how do solids, liquids and gasses differ
a solid has a fixed volume and rigid shape; liquids assume the shape of their container; gases always assume the shape and volume of their container
matter is composed of
pure substances and mixtures
pure substances are composed of
elements and compounds
mixtures are composed of
heterogenious and homogenius
law of multiple proportions
when 2 ewlements form 2 differenct compounds, the masses of element B that combine with 1 g of element A are a ration of whole numbers.
