Chapter 8: Acid-Base balance

Question 1

normal pH

Answer 1

7.35-7.45

Question 2

normal Paco2

Answer 2

35-45 mm Hg

Question 3

normal Po2

Answer 3

90-100 m Hg

Question 4

normal HCO3

Answer 4

22-26 meq/L

Question 5

normal SaO2

Answer 5

95-100%

Question 6

normal anion gap

Answer 6

6-12 meq/L

Question 7

more H inons _______ pH?

Answer 7

lower (acidic)

Question 8

buffer

Answer 8

prevent changes and maintain normal pH

Question 9

Protein Buffering system

Answer 9

amino and carboxyl groups found on amino acids enable proteins to absorb or donate H ions as needed to maintain pH; hemoglobin

Question 10

Phosphate Buffering system

Answer 10

regulate pH in intracellular enviroment; phosphate can take acidic form or basic form

Question 11

when CO2 combines with water _____ is formed?

Answer 11

carbonic acid

Question 12

when CO2 levels increase , equation moves to the right and forms more _______ ?

Answer 12

H and HCO3

Question 13

when H increases, equation moves to the left, forming more _________?

Answer 13

CO2

Question 14

ratio of bicard to carbonic acid

Answer 14

20:1

Question 15

What excretes from the lungs?

Answer 15

CO2

Question 16

what excretes from the kidneys?

Answer 16

Hydrogen

Question 17

When does the lungs respond?

Answer 17

within minutes

Question 18

When does the kidneys respond?

Answer 18

hours to a day but can be maintained longer

Question 19

anion gap

Answer 19

concentration of the unmeasured anions in the bloodstream

Question 20

hypokalemia may cause _______

Answer 20

alkalosis

Question 21

hyperkalemia may cause _______

Answer 21

acidosis

Question 22

Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 22

body accumulates too much CO2 and cannot exhale it sufficiently, leads to hypercapnia; ex: hypoventilation

Question 23

hypercapnia

Answer 23

elevation in CO2

Question 24

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 24

occurs when CO2 levels in blood is too low; due to hyperventilation

Question 25

Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 25

excess of acid not related to CO2; CO2 not driving reduction in pH

Question 26

Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 26

blood pH less than 7.45 with normal CO2 level