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Patho > Chapter 1: The Cell > Flashcards

Chapter 1: The Cell Flashcards

1
Q

Free radicals

A

reactive oxygen species; Mitochondrial DNA is subject to mutation by these

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2
Q

Glycoproteins

A

on plasma membranes outer surface; carbs attach to cell surface protein molecules

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3
Q

purine bases

A

Adenine and Guanine bases

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4
Q

pyrimidine bases

A

thymine and cytosine bases

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5
Q

Plasma Membrane; def, functions, made up of what?

A

Cell bounded by this, semipermeable; acts as a barrier from cells external environment and protects internal environment; major component: phospholipid bilayer

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6
Q

Na/K pump; ratio of Na:K; where are both ions located

A

3:2; K Ions located inside the cell, Na ions outside the cell

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7
Q

Aerobic metabolism yields____ ATP

A

34

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8
Q

Anaerobic metabolism yields ____ATP & ______

A

2 ATP and pyruvic acid

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9
Q

what can pyruvic acid turn into in anaerobic metabolism?

A

lactic acid

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10
Q

Lysosome functions

A

contains digestive enzymes and degrade ingested foreign substances

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11
Q

Smooth ER

A

lipid production

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12
Q

Rough ER

A

has ribosomes and location for protein synthesis

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13
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

processed, packaged and secreted

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14
Q

Microtubules

A

hollow filaments composed of protein subunits called tublin; involved in cell division such as centrioles and mitotic spindle

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15
Q

Cilia

A

cellular projections that contain microtubules

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16
Q

Microfilaments

A

actin filaments; solid flexible fibers that help cell change shape

17
Q

Transcription

A

2 strands uncoil and seperate, 1 is a template for synthesis of RNA; RNA copies genetic info from main DNA and leaves nucleus

18
Q

Translation

A

occurs in ribosomes; trna attached to amino acids, mrna directs ribosome to synthesize protein by guiding its linkage with trna;trna attaches and links aa+polypetide chains

Patho (8 decks)

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