Chapter 8

Question 1

Today’s children around the world are more likely to suffer from the nutritional problem of _____.

a. underweight
b. overeating
c. too much traditional food
d. undernutrition

Answer 1

b. overeating

Question 2

Preschoolers use extra thick crayons and pencils to help compensate for their developing:

a. lateralization
b. fine motor skills
c. gross motor skills
d. limbic system

Answer 2

b. fine motor skills

Question 3

What is one implication of urbanization for gross motor skill development?

a. Gross motor skills are naturally improved by urban living.
b. Cities provide increased opportunity to practice gross motor skills.
c. Urban children benefit from gross motor skill practice with adult role models.
d. Crowded cities prevent children from practicing their gross motor skills.

Answer 3

d. Crowded cities prevent children from practicing their gross motor skills

Question 4

Kristen, a 4-y-o, is playing with her building blocks. Her mother announces that they have to leave to pick up Kristen’s sister. Kristen launches into a tantrum. What is the explanation for Kristen’s reaction?

a. Kirsten’s mother should have given a warning.
b. Four-year-olds throw frequent tantrums.
c. Kirsten is spoiled.
d. Kirsten is perseverating on the building blocks.

Answer 4

d. Kristen is perserverating on the building blocks.

Question 5

Regis, a 6-year-old, can correctly name objects, catch a ball and throw it, and write his ABCs in proper sequence. His younger brother, Mark, is much less speedy and skillful in all of these areas. What is the explanation for Regis’s superior performance?

a. Regis’s frontal cortex is less mature than Mark’s.
b. Regis’s brain has experienced greater myelination than Mark’s.
c. Regis has fewer dendrites than Mark.
d. Regis most likely eats healthier foods than Mark.

Answer 5

b. Regis’s brain has experienced greater myelination than Mark’s

Question 6

The term accident implies that an injury is random; the term _____ suggests that the impact of an injury can be limited if appropriate precautions are in place.

a. accident paradigm
b. preconventional reasoning
c. injury control
d. immature logic

Answer 6

c. injury control

Question 7

Which is a leading cause of death among children between the ages of 1 and 4 years?

a. heart disease
b. obesity
c. drowning
d. cancer

Answer 7

c. drowning

Question 8

After a surprise fire alarm went off in their kindergarten classroom, all of the children gave saliva samples to determine their levels of the stress hormone cortisol. Two weeks later, when questioned about the fire alarm, those children whose cortisol levels were ____ remembered the most details about the fire alarm.

a. undetectable
b. higher
c. lower
d. in the mid-range

Answer 8

b. higher

Question 9

Why does a stern adult demanding yes-or-no answers in a stressful manner result in less accurate memories from children?

a. Children who are questioned by adults always display inaccuracies that they would not display if questioned by another child.
b. The questioning style leads children to choose to invent details.
c. The adult’s questioning style is stressful, so the child’s brain protects itself by shutting down.
d. Children naturally want to withhold information from stern, demanding adults.

Answer 9

c. The adult’s questioning style is stressful, so the child’s brain protects itself by shutting down.

Question 10

Which of the following are gross motor skills a five-year-old can typically do but three-year-olds typically cannot?

a. Walk up stairs
b. Catch a small ball
c. Run
d. Kick and throw a large ball

Answer 10

b. Catch a small ball

Question 11

A disorder that research has suggested may result from abnormal development of the corpus callosum is _____.

a. nearsightedness
b. hearing impairment
c. autism spectrum disorder
d. extreme impulsivity

Answer 11

c. autism spectrum disorder

Question 12

Donald’s body mass index (BMI) is currently the lowest that it will be for his whole life. Donald is most likely _____ years old.

a. 5 to 6
b. 13 to 14
c. 1 to 2
d. 9 to 10

Answer 12

1. 5 to 6

Question 13

In developed nations, which nutrients are apt to be lacking in a child’s diet?

a. magnesium, vitamin A, and vitamin D
b. calcium, iron, and zinc
c. B vitamins
d. vitamin C and vitamin E

Answer 13

b. calcium, iron, and zinc

Question 14

Romanian children raised in orphanages demonstrated _____ when shown pictures of emotional faces.

a. less reactivity in their limbic system
b. less variation in response
c. more reactivity in their limbic system
d. more variation in response

Answer 14

a. less reactivity in their limbic system

Question 15

In early childhood, the amygdala is not well connected to more reflective parts of the brain, causing sudden \_\_\_\_\_.
a. spikes in body temperature 
b, recollection of memories 
c. intense emotions 
d. distortions of speech perception

Answer 15

c. intense emotions

Question 16

An example of a fine motor skill is \_\_\_\_\_.
a, swimming across a pool 
b. playing catch with a football 
c. roller-skating around the block 
d. using scissors to cut paper

Answer 16

d. using scissors to cut paper