Chapter 11

Question 1

Seven-year-old Henry has been diagnosed with both ADHD and disruptive mood dysregulation. Which term refers to Henry having both conditions?

a. conflicting diagnoses
b. coexistence
c. comorbidity
d. complex diagnosis

Answer 1

c. comorbidity

Question 2

Gerald was diagnosed with ADHD at an early age. Throughout school he had extreme academic difficulties, though he excelled at art. When he graduated from high school, Gerald started a career as an artist and quickly began to sell his work and achieved critical acclaim. As an adult he was experiencing life success even though he still had symptoms of ADHD. Which of the four general principles of developmental psychopathology does this example illustrate?

a. Abnormality is normal.
b. Disability changes year by year.
c. Life may get better or worse.
d. Diagnosis and treatment reflect the social context.

Answer 2

c. Life may get better or worse

Question 3

The traditional timing for diagnosing specific learning disorders has been after a child displays difficulty with a particular school subject that made his or her achievement scores fall at least two years below IQ. What does the textbook say about this policy?

a. This means that diagnosis often occurs after a child with a disability has already given up.
b. It is important to wait for diagnosis, because many children outgrow their early difficulties.
c. Because there are no early interventions available, it really doesn’t matter when diagnosis occurs.
d. Waiting allows time for parents to seek private assistance for their children.

Answer 3

a. This means that diagnosis often occurs after a child with a disability has already given up.

Question 4

Physical activity can affect children by _____.

a. increasing depression
b. reducing problem-solving ability
c. improving academic achievement
d. improving oral health practices

Answer 4

c. improving academic achievement

Question 5

The most commonly diagnosed learning disorder is _____.

a. autism spectrum disorder
b. dyscalculia
c. ADHD
d. dyslexia

Answer 5

d. dyslexia

Question 6

The average IQ is a score of:

a. 70
b. 100
c. 115
d. 85

Answer 6

b. 100

Question 7

The field that links usual development to the study of special needs is developmental _____.

a. practice
b. psychopathology
c. abnormality
d. psychology

Answer 7

b. psychopathology

Question 8

Children whose parents tell them not to talk to strangers might score lower when IQ tests require them to answer an examiner's questions. This is an example of the \_\_\_\_\_ perspective.
a. psychodynamic 
b, biological 
c. evolutionary 
d. sociocultural

Answer 8

d. sociocultural

Question 9

Which child is at higher risk for developing asthma?

a. a child who lives on a farm
b. a child who is second-born in the family
c. a child who experienced a vaginal delivery
d. a child who lives in a city

Answer 9

d. a child who lives in a city

Question 10

Children who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder can vary in the type and range of symptoms they display, but all children with autism spectrum disorder have _____.

a. difficulty understanding others’ speech
b. a lack of eye contact
c. difficulty understanding emotions
d. difficulty speaking

Answer 10

c. difficulty understanding emotions

Question 11

A cause can have many final manifestations. This is referred to as _____.

a. psychopathology
b. multifinality
c. equifinality
d. comorbidity

Answer 11

b. multifinality

Question 12

The worldwide death rate during the middle childhood years has _____ since 1950.

a. decreased
b. quadrupled
c. stayed the same
d. doubled

Answer 12

a. deacreased

Question 13

Eight-year-old Molly is able to listen to her teacher and concentrate on what he is saying even when her friends are talking around her. Molly is able to do this because of an improvement in _____.

a. reaction time
b. selective attention
c. divided attention
d. automatization

Answer 13

b. selective attention

Question 14

What is the latest educational strategy in the United States for children who are below average in achievement to receive special help?

a. response to intervention
b. mainstreaming
c. inclusion
d. resource rooms

Answer 14

a. response to intervention

Question 15

Children whose parents tell them not to talk to strangers might score lower when IQ tests require them to answer an examiner’s questions. This is an example of the _____ perspective.

a. psychodynamic
b. sociocultural
c. biological
d. evolutionary

Answer 15

b. sociocultural

Question 16

When comparing the growth of children from ages 6 to 11 to infants or adolescents, one notices that children _____.

a. grow at the same rate from ages 2 to 12
b. have a tremendous growth spurt during the school years
c. grow slowly and steadily
d. grow faster than they did in early childhood

Answer 16

c. grow slowly and steadily

Question 17

Most children with autism spectrum disorder show signs in _____.

a. infancy
b. adolescence
c. middle childhood
d. adulthood

Answer 17

a. infancy

Question 18

Childhood overweight is usually defined as _____ above the 85th percentile.

a. BMI
b. weight
c. skinfold test
d. waist circumference

Answer 18

a. BMI

Question 19

Madeline is 9 years old and is considered obese. While her parents acknowledge that they could adopt a healthier lifestyle, they blame genetics for her weight problem. How many genes are estimated to influence Madeline’s weight?

a. 10
b. hundreds
c. 5
d. dozens

Answer 19

d. dozens

Question 20

Early and accurate diagnosis of childhood disorders can be difficult because of equifinality. That is, _____.

a. younger children have very little variability in symptoms
b. children often hide their symptoms from caregivers
c. many disorders are not comorbid
d. many causes can result in one symptom

Answer 20

d. many causes can result in one symptom

Question 21

Which statement is true of treatment for ADHD?

a. Medication is the only option.
b. Training for the family and child may be effective in some cases.
c. No treatments currently exist.
d. Parents and teachers do not need to be involved.

Answer 21

b. Training for the family and child may be effective in some cases.

Question 22

Howard Gardner proposed that _____.

a. there is only one intelligence
b. everyone is equal in all types of intelligence
c. IQ tests are the best way to measure intelligence
d. there are multiple intelligences

Answer 22

d. there are multiple intelligences

Question 23

Which factor has been identified as one of the problems with diagnosing ADHD?

a. It can be comorbid with other intellectual disabilities and depression.
b. Teachers are not allowed to report on children’s classroom behavior.
c. The written test is too sensitive.
d. Its biological marker is too specific.

Answer 23

a. It can be comorbid with other intellectual disabilities and depression

Question 24

Which of the following is a sign of autism spectrum disorder?

a. impaired social understanding
b. cooperative play
c. low intelligence
d. early proficiency in language

Answer 24

a. impaired social understanding

Question 25

According to the DSM-5, in order for ADHD to be diagnosed _____.

a. symptoms must occur for at least 6 weeks
b. signs of other disorders, such as bipolar disorder, must be present
c. several symptoms have to begin before age 12
d. symptoms must occur in only one context, such as at school or at home

Answer 25

c. several symptoms have to begin before age 12