Chapter 15

Question 1

Benjamin has heard repeatedly from his parents about the potential dangers of smoking, and he agrees with his parents about the potential dangers. At a party Benjamin is offered a cigarette but declines it even though the person who offered the cigarette is one of the most popular students at school. In this situation, what type of thinking is most likely dominating Benjamin’s decision to decline the cigarette?

a. inductive reasoning
b. intuitive thought
c. concrete reasoning
d. analytic thought

Answer 1

d. analytic thought

Question 2

In recent decades, the use of technology in the classroom has _____.

a. increased
b. decreased
c. not been discussed
d. disappeared

Answer 2

a. increased

Question 3

Spencer, who does not have high-speed Internet at home, relies on his smartphone to access the Internet and connect with friends. Spencer most likely comes from a(n) _____ family.

a. low-income
b. middle-income
c. upper-income
d. highly educated

Answer 3

a. low income

Question 4

Elle, an adolescent, believes that government should pay for all citizens’ health care. From this premise, she reasons about the particulars of how and why government-funded health care would work. This is an example of _____.

a. adolescent egocentrism
b. intuitive thinking
c. inductive reasoning
d. deductive reasoning

Answer 4

d. deductive reasoning

Question 5

All Christians believe in the Bible, and Josiah is a Christian; therefore, Josiah believes in the Bible. This is an example of _____.

a. deductive reasoning
b. theoretical reasoning
c. concrete reasoning
d. formal reasoning

Answer 5

a. deductive reasoning

Question 6

Which student is likely to learn more during middle school?

a. Allie, who attends a school she doesn’t like
b. Lloyd, whose parents back off and give him the autonomy he demands
c. Louisa, who attends a school she likes
d. Chong, who is aware of low social expectations for his ethnic group

Answer 6

c. Louisa, who attends a school she likes

Question 7

When adolescents fantasize about how others will react to their new hairstyle, they are creating a(n) _____.

a. personal fable
b. abstract audience
c. personal identity
d. imaginary audience

Answer 7

d. imaginary audience

Question 8

Sixteen year old Paul drinks heavily and drives dangerously fast, believing that he cannot be hurt. Paul is demonstrating:

a. the personal fable
b. deductive reasoning
c. self-awareness
d. the invincibility fable

Answer 8

d. the invincibility fable

Question 9

Ron thinks he is more unique and admired than other adolescents his age, and he is certain that everyone is paying attention to his every action. It appears that Ron has started to experience adolescent _____.

a. modesty
b. moral reasoning
c. egocentrism
d. logic

Answer 9

c. egocentrism

Question 10

he notion that two networks exist within the human brain, one for emotional and one for analytical processing of stimuli, is called the _____.

a. dual-thinking model
b. dual-processing model
c. dual-reasoning model
d. emotional-analytic model

Answer 10

b. dual-processing model

Question 11

_____ is the theorist who coined the term adolescent egocentrism.

a. Erikson
b. Skinner
c. Elkind
d. Kohlberg

Answer 11

c. Elkind

Question 12

“If-Then” propsitions require ____

a. concrete thought
b. operational thought
c. postformal thought
d. hypothetical thought

Answer 12

d. hypothetical thought

Question 13

Fifteen-year-old Richard wants to be allowed to drive the family car, even though he does not yet have a driver’s license. When his parents ask him why he thinks he should have driving privileges, he answers, “I know other kids who do it, and it’s just stupid that I have to wait another three months until I turn 16.” This is an example of what kind of thinking?

a. reasoning
b. intuitive
c. logical
d. analytical

Answer 13

b. intuitive

Question 14

Using _____ thinking, a person might think, “If it barks like a dog and wags its tail like a dog, it must be a dog.”

a. deductive
b. preoperational
c. reductive
d. inductive

Answer 14

d. inductive

Question 15

Tucker insists that he can’t wear the new jeans his mom got for him because they look too new, and his classmates will make fun of them. After spending the evening making deliberate cuts in the fabric and fraying the edges, he declares that the jeans are now suitable to wear. Tucker’s concerns illustrate _____.

a. modesty
b. moral reasoning
c. adolescent egocentrism
d. logic

Answer 15

c. adolescent egocentrism

Question 16

Many developmentalists find middle schools to be “developmentally regressive,” which means _____.

a. teachers do not allow students to be independent
b. learning goes backward
c. the curriculum is not high-quality
d. students do not desire autonomy

Answer 16

b. learning goes backward

Question 17

As the United States moves increasingly toward high-stakes testing, _____.

a. other nations are following suit
b. other nations are moving away from it
c. some nations are following suit and others are moving away from it
d. other nations are following suit only if they have high-performing students

Answer 17

c. some nations are following suit and others are moving away from it

Question 18

The power of the invincibility fable may be observed in _____.

a. a 17-year-old boy who drives cautiously
b. an 18-year-old girl who insists that her boyfriend use a condom
c. young military recruits who hope to be sent into combat
d. an adolescent who sings, thinking that the neighbors must be listening

Answer 18

c. young military recruits who hope to be sent into combat

Question 19

The dual-processing perspective suggests that _____ may break down during adolescence.

a. cognition
b. emotional regulation
c. hypothetical reasoning
d. logical thought

Answer 19

b. emotional regulation

Question 20

Rachel and Matt are in their first year of middle school. Statistically, one would expect their academic achievement to _____.
a. improve
b. decline
c. remain the same as in elementary school
d/ exhibit an erratic pattern of rising and falling

Answer 20

b. decline

Question 21

The term imaginary audience refers to adolescents’ _____.

a. ability to understand how others perceive them
b. belief that everyone is watching their behavior and appearance
c. constant posing and posturing before mirrors
d. belief that others are spying on them

Answer 21

c. constant posing and posturing before mirrors

Question 22

Albert et al. (2013) ran a series of experiments in which adults and adolescents, alone or with peers, played a video game. In the game, taking risks could lead to crashes or gaining points. The experiments found that adolescents, unlike adults, were much more likely to take risks and crash when they were _____.

a. alone
b. with their parents
c. with peers
d. playing online

Answer 22

c. with peers