Chapter 12 Flashcards
With concrete operational thought, children can _____.
a. think logically about visible, tangible things
b. think logically about abstract ideas
c. consistently make good decisions
d. solve most problems on their own
a. think logically about visible, tangible things
Which factor contributes to increases in a child’s knowledge base?
a. scoring high on an IQ test
b. educated parents
c. personal motivation
d. well-developed fine motor skills
c. personal motivation
Professor Schuyler believes that people’s brains work very much like a computer in terms of input, processing, and output. The professor believes in:
a. the information-processing perspective
b. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development
c. Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development
d. Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development
a. the information-processing perspective
When Kitana wants her teacher to repeat a question, she asks, “Would you please repeat the question?” but when she needs a classmant to repeat himself, she says, “Huh?” This example shows that Kitana understands:
a. the pragmatics of language
b. metaphors and similes
c. metacognitive processes
d. the control processes in speech
a. the pragmatics of language
Sensory memory improves until about age ____ and then remains adequate until late adulthood.
a. 4
b. 7
c. 10
d. 13
c. 10
In one international study of the effects of early formal instruction, it was found that children who started school at age 4 or 5 instead of age 6 or 7 tended to:
a. resist attending college
b. drop out of school before graduation
c. be behind peers in academic achievement
d. be ahead of peers in academic achievement
d. be ahead of peers in academic achievement
A public subsidy for tuition payment at a nonpublic school is referred to as a:
a. voucher
b. private school
c. religious school
d. charter school
a voucher
In recent years, Finland has gained a great deal of attention for its very successful educational system. Which statement about Finland’s educational reform is true:
a. Teachers have little autonomy within their classrooms.
b. Only the top 3 percent of high school students gain admittance to teachers’ colleges.
c. Students are grouped by ability.
d. Independent learning is encouraged.
b. Only the top 3 percent of high school students gain admittance to teacher’s colleges
A child’s achievement seems to be influenced more by _____ in the United States than in other nations.
a. income and ethnicity
b. income and neighborhood
c. neighborhood and ethnicity
d. income and parental education
a. income and ethnicity
From an information-processing approach, the memory process has three major steps. What is the correct order of this process, beginning with the first component?
a. sensory memory, working memory, long-term memory
b. long-term memory, working memory, sensory memory
c. sensory memory, long-term memory, working memory
d. working memory, sensory memory, long-term memory
a. sensory memory, working memory, long-term memory
According to Vygotsky’s sociocultural framework, every experience after _____ teaches individuals something.
a. birth
b. childhood
c. adolescence
d. adulthood
a. birth
The research on methods for teaching a second language reveals that _____.
a. immersion is the best approach
b. mainstreaming is the best approach
c. bilingual schooling is the best approach
d. the best approach is not clear
d. the best approach is not clear
Holly is taking the PIRLS, which is the main international test of:
a. science and math
b. IQ
c. creative problem solving
d. reading
d. reading
Which information is most likely to be in your current working memory?
a. everything that is on this page
b. your understanding of this question
c. the location of the term working memory in the text
d. the definitions of the words working and memory
b. your understanding of this question
At what age is a child likely to understand that the word unbreakable means “cannot be broken”?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 5
d. 7
d. 7
Executive function is apparent when _____.
a. Brodie passes a note to his friend in class
b. Cooper chews his gum absent-mindedly while reading in class
c. Aaron flips his pencil between his fingers while studying his math problems
d. Denzel concentrates on his reading in class while ignoring all distractions
d. Denzel concentrates on his reading in class while ignoring all distractions
Vygotsky argued that playing with peers, watching television, and eating with one’s family all provide _____ to a 6-year-old child.
a. annoyances
b. joy
c. instruction
d. negativity
c. instruction
Beth is taking the TIMSS, which is the international test of _____.
a. science and math
b. IQ
c. creative problem solving
d. reading
a. science and math
Nine-year-old Pete sorted screws, bolts, and nails into three piles by type. He is able to correctly sort the objects into separate piles because of the logical principle of _____.
a. conservation
b. seriation
c. classification
d. reversibility
c. classification
In the United States, public schools that set their own standards, are licensed by the state, and receive funding from private money and sponsors are _____ schools.
a. voucher
b. private
c. religious
d. charter
b. private
Everywhere in the world, children are taught to _____.
a. read, write, and create
b. read, conduct science experiments, and do arithmetic
c. read, tell stories, and make art
d. read, write, and do arithmetic
d. read, write, and do arithmetic
Decades of research throughout the world have found a _____ correlation between academic achievement and socioeconomic status, largely due to language.
a. zero
b. weak
c. moderate
d. strong
d. strong
What is the main international test of reading given to students?
a. TIMSS
b. PIRLS
c. WJ III
d. Stanford-Binet
b. PIRLS
Jill has just heard her teacher say something. The sounds produced by the teacher are first stored briefly in Jill’s _____.
a. working memory
b. long-term memory
c. sensory memory
d. short-term memory
c. sensory memory
Some children are classified as _____, based on their proficiency in English.
a. ELLs
b. NAEP
c. TIMSS
d. PIRLS
a. ELLs
Approximately _____ percent of children in the United States are home-schooled.
a. 4
b. 9
c. 18
d. 27
a. 4
The logical principle that allows objects to be grouped according to some characteristic that they share is called _____.
a. concrete thought
b. transitive inference
c. classification
d. reversibility
c. classification
