Chapter 13

Question 1

According to Kohlber, ____ is what advances a person’s morality.

a. intellectual maturation
b. ethnicity
c. social development
d. age

Answer 1

a. intellectual maturation

Question 2

Which is a common value among 6-11 year old children?

a. standing out among peers
b. dressing like adults
c. keeping secrets from adults
d. tattling on friends

Answer 2

c. keeping secrets from adults

Question 3

Children’s steady growth, brain maturation, and intellectual advances make middle childhood a time for more ____.

a. independence
b. conservation
c. egocentrism
d. peer values

Answer 3

a. independence

Question 4

When children act as parents and try to take care of everyone, it is called ___.

a. an extended family
b. emerging adulthood.
c. parentificaton
d. resilience

Answer 4

c. parentification

Question 5

Preconventional morality involves:

a. an emphasis on laws and social order
b. trying to gain the approval of others
c. the careful consideration of all options
d. seeking pleasure and avoiding punishment

Answer 5

a. seeking pleasure and avoiding punishment

Question 6

Research shows that a child is most likely to be a victim of bullying if the child is:

a. agressive-rejected
b. withdrawn-rejected
c. like by peers
d. “under the radar”

Answer 6

b. withdrawn-rejected

Question 7

Which country lead the world in divorce and remarriage?

a. France
b. Japan
c. Canada
d. United States

Answer 7

d. United States

Question 8

Alan’s math skills are far better than those of his siblings. This provides evidence that _____.

a. shared familial influences play a stronger role than was previously believed
b. few environmental effects on personality come from outside the family
c. Alan’s own initiative to excel is greater than that of the rest of his family
d. genes may have a stronger effect than familial environment on intellectual characteristics

Answer 8

d. genes may have a stronger effect than familial environment on intellectual characteristics

Question 9

Bullying differs from ordinary aggression because bullying attacks are:

a. only seen n the US
b. harmful
c. aimed at a weaker person
d. repeated

Answer 9

d. repeated

Question 10

To reduce the impact of divorce on children, which scenario should take place?

a. Transitions should be minimized.
b. Parents should stay in their marriages regardless of the circumstances, avoiding divorce at all costs.
c. Only one parent should stay in the children’s lives for the first few years.
d. Both parents should quickly remarry and move to new communities to allow children to start fresh.

Answer 10

a Transitions should be minimized

Question 11

Girls who bully typically _____.

a. are larger than average in size
b. have older sisters who are aggressive
c. use words to attack
d. use threats of force

Answer 11

c. use words to attack

Question 12

Jenny was the only student in her class to get all of the questions right on the math test. She announced to the class, “I am perfect! I am better than everyone!” Given this display, which country is Jenny most likely from?

a. United States
b. China
c. Australia
d. Japan

Answer 12

a. the US

Question 13

What is a hallmark of close friendships during middle childhood?

a. different SES
b. different ethnicity
c. same age
d. opposite sex

Answer 13

c. same age

Question 14

As children become more self-aware, what do they benefit from more?

a. receiving encouragement for their process rather than their product
b. hearing how smart they are
c. noticing how popular they are
d. being told that “failure is not an option”

Answer 14

a receiving encouragement for their process rather than their product

Question 15

The percentage of U.S. school-age children who live in single-parent households is _____.

a. 43 percent
b. 54 percent
c. 66 percent
d. 33 percent

Answer 15

c. 33 percent

Question 16

Postconventional morality involves _____.

a. an emphasis on laws and social order
b. seeking pleasure and avoiding pain
c. trying to take care of one’s own needs
d. the careful consideration of all options

Answer 16

d. the careful consideration of all options

Question 17

One important factor with respect to children coping with adversity is a child’s _____.

a. gender
b. interpretation of the events
c. cooperation with others
d. age

Answer 17

b. interpretation of the events

Question 18

Nine-year-old Alisha announces to her mother, “I am not very good at soccer, but I am so good at painting that one day I am going to sell lots of pictures.” Alisha is demonstrating _____.

a. self-concept
b. industry
c. egocentrism
d. latency

Answer 18

a. self-concept

Question 19

With respect to families today worldwide, _____.

a. there are more children per family
b. most children live in a nuclear family during middle childhood
c. there are fewer divorces
d. there are fewer single-parent families

Answer 19

b. most children live in a nuclear family during middle childhood

Question 20

There are many approaches to addressing the issue of bullying. Research indicates that the one effective approach is _____.

a. talking to parents and teachers, but not to students, about bullying
b. to have a zero-tolerance policy at school
c. grouping bullies together in the same classroom to isolate the problem
d. changing the school culture as a whole

Answer 20

d. changing the school culture as a whole

Question 21

By the time children are 10 years old, _____.

a. boys prefer to be popular among peer groups; girls want to have best friends
b. both boys and girls want to have best friends
c. girls are more interested than boys in maintaining long-term friendships
d. mutual loyalty is more important to boys than it is to girls

Answer 21

b. both boys and girls want to have best friends

Question 22

What is the first level of moral reasoning in Kohlberg’s theory?

a. unconventional
b. postconventional
c. preconventional
d. conventional

Answer 22

c. preconventional

Question 23

About _____ of U.S. school-age children live in a single-parent family.

a. one-half
b. two-thirds
c. three-quarters
d. one-third

Answer 23

d. one-third

Question 24

Developing self-respect, nurturing friendships with peers, and encouraging learning are three of the _____.

a. functions of a family
b. suggestions for stress resilience
c. measurements of family harmony
d. family structures

Answer 24

a. functions of a family

Question 25

In a typical military family, income is _____ school achievement than their peers from civilian families.

a. higher and children tend to have lower
b. higher and children tend to have higher
c. lower and children tend to have lower
d. lower and children tend to have higher

Answer 25

a. higher and children tend to have lower