Chapter 8 Flashcards
thyroid gland
a two-lobed gland located in the neck that reaches around the trachea laterally and connects anteriorly by an isthemus. The thyroid gland produces hormones used for metabolic function
parathyroid glands
four small glands situated on the back of the thyroid gland that secrete parathyroid hormone
Hypothyroidism
a condition in which the thyroid converts energy more slowly than normal, (insufficient production of thyroid hormone) resulting in an otherwise unexplained weight gain and fatigue
example-
E03.1 Congenital hypothyroidism without goiter
Hyperthyroidism (aka thyrotoxicosis)
a condition in which the thyroid secretes too many hormones, more than the body needs to function properly.
example-
E05.90 Thyrotoxicosis, unspecified without thyrotoxic crisis or storm
Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
a chronic system disease that results from insulin deficiency or resistance and causes the body to improperly metabolize carbohydrates, proteins and fats due to a malfunction of the pancreatic beta cells
Type 1
Type 2
Secondary
Gestational
polydispia
excessive thirst
polyuria
excessive urination
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
a sudden onset of insulin deficiency that may occur at any age but most often arises in childhood and adolescence; also known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) juvenile diabetes or type I
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
a form of diabetes mellitus with a gradual onset that may develop at any age but most often occurs in adults over the age of 40 (currently also seeing this in children/ due to diet); also known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or type II
Dyslipidemia
abnormal lipoprotien metabolism
secondary diabetes mellitus
diabetes caused by medication or another condition or disease
gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
usually a temporary diabetes mellitus occurring during pregnancy; however, such patients have an increased risk of later developing type 2 diabetes
hypoglycemics
prescription, non-insulin medications designed to lower a patients glycemic level
hyperglycemia
abnormally high levels of glucose
chronic hyperglycemia may impair one’s resistance to infection, resulting in a diabetic skin problems and urinary tract infections
hypogylcemia
abnormally low levels of glucose
a diabetic patient with hypoglycemia may have administered too much insulin or antidiabetic medication
or waited too long to eat (hangry)
cushing’s syndrome
a condition resulting from the hyperproduction of corticosteroids, most often caused by an adrenal cortex tumor or a tumor of pituitary gland
Code Category E24 Cushing’s Syndrome
overweight
weighing too much
obesity
a condition calculated as a body mass index of 30 to 38.9. Typically a person becomes obese when more calories are consumed than expended.
-genetics and current medications can also influence this condition
morbid obesity
diagnosed when a patient’s current overweight status increases to the extent that it actually interferes with normal, daily activates. BMI over 39
congenital lactose deficiency
extremely rare, genetic disorder in which there is a failure of the small intestine to produce any, or enough, of the lactose enzyme.
E73.0 congenital lactase deficiency
secondary lactase deficiency
manifests when an infection or disease causes the small intestine to malfunction in this way. These cases can be reversed with successful treatment of the underlying disease
E73.1 Secondary lactase deficiency
other lactose intolerance
may be prompted by developmental lactase deficiency a short-term condition seen in premature neonates, or primary lactase deficiency (lactase nonperistence) the most frequently seen type of lactase deficiency. Typically, in these patients the small intestine’s production of lactase begins to decline around 2 years of age. Any of these diagnoses are reported with code
E73.8 Other lactose intolerance
Graves’ disease (toxic diffuse goiter)
an autoimmune disorder which creates and antibody called thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) that fixes itself to thyroid cells
example
E05.11 Thyrotoxicosis with toxic single thyroid nodule with thyrotoxic crisis or storm
Thyroiditis
An inflammation of the thyroid that causes thyroid hormone stored within the thyroid gland to leak out
example-
E06.4 Drug-induced thyroiditis
use additional code for adverse effect if applicable, to identify drug (T36-T50 with fifth or sixth character 5)
Other disorders of the Thyroid
code E03.9 Hypothyroidism, unspecified (Myxedema NOS)
category E04 Other nontoxic goiter
Cod E06.3 Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis)
Ophthalmic Manifestations of (DM)
retinopathy, maculopathy
Neurologic Manifestations of (DM)
neuropathy
Renal Manifestations (DM)
nephropathy
Circulatory Manifestations (DM)
peripheral vascular disease
What are a couple of ways to test for Diabetes?
A1C Hemoglobin
-tells the story over the past 90 days, so doctors rely on this rating whole heartedly
Blood glucose
-levels are also a way to measure blood for diabetes
How would you code long term drug use of (DM)?
Z79.4 Long-term (Current) use of insulin. NEVER reported for type 1 diabetics
Z79.84 Long Term (Current) use of oral hypoglycemic drugs. Reported for type 2 diabetics taking other drugs
What is long term normally considered when it comes to DM drugs?
current
Underdose of insulin by pump
Underdosing of prescribed medications
T85.614A Breakdown (mechanical) of insulin pump, initial encounter
Underdose of medication because the patient cant afford it
Underdosing of prescribed medications
Z91.120 Patient’s intentional overdosing of medication regimen due to financial hardship
CODE FIRST underdosing of medication (T36-T50) with fifth or sixth character 6
Diabetes Insipidus (D I)
a disorder of water metabolism; the result of an antidiuretic hormone (A D H) deficiency
N25.1 Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Cystic Fibrosis
a hereditary malfunction of the secretory glands’ a defect in the C F TR gene affects the glands that produce mucus and sweat, resulting in the creation of thick, sticky mucus and very salty sweat
there are manifestations that can develop in the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems as well as other maladies
