Chapter 5 Flashcards
acute
severe or serious
asymptomatic
no symptoms or manifestations
bacteria
single-celled microorganisms that cause disease
chronic
long duration continuing over an extended period of time
fungi
group of organisms, including mold, yeast, and mildew, that cause infection’ fungus (singular)
human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
a condition affecting the immune system
Infection
the invasion of pathogens into tissue cells
infectious
a condition that can be transmitted from one person to another
inflammation
the reaction of tissues to infection or injury characterized by pain, swelling, and erythema
nosocomial
a hospital acquired condition a condition that develops as a result of being in a health care facility
parasites
tiny living things that can invade and feed off other living things
ex-
one-celled organisms (protozoa)
insects (lice and mites)
worms(helminths)
- can be transmitted in food
- spread by mosquitoes and other insects through the bloodstream
- ingested in contaminated water
-classified as bacterial
pathogen
any agent that causes disease’ a microorganism such as bacterium or virus
sepsis
condition typified by two or more systemic responses to infection a specified pathogen
septic shock
severe sepsis with hyportension; unresponsive to fluid resuscitation
septicemia
generalized infection spread through the body via the bloodstream; blood infection
severe sepsis
sepsis with signs of acute organ dysfunction
systemic
spread throughout the entire body
systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
a definite physical reaction, such as fever, chills, etc, to an unspecified pathogen
Tiberculosis
an infectious condition that causes small rounded swelling on mucous membranes throughout the body
Viruses
microscopic patricides that initiate disease, mimicking the characteristics of a particular cell, viruses can reproduce only within the body of the cell that they have invaded
- tiny microorganisms that embed themselves within their host’s cells and are difficult to isolate
- they can remain dormant (latent) for long periods of time
ex- influenze
hepatitis
warts
colonization
multiplications of organisms
Fever
increased body temperature
Tachycarida
increase in heart rate
bradycarida
decrease in heart rate
hyperventilation
increase in respiratory rate
dyspnea
decrease in respiratory rate
Touch exposure
physical interaction with blood, bodily fluids, non intact skin and mucous membranes can enable a long list of blood borne pathogens to make their way from one person to another
Airborne exposure
some pathogens travel in small particles that remain contagious in the air, such as chickenpox. Measles can live in the air of a room for 2 hours after the infected person leaves. Breathing in contaminated air by merely entering an examination room or patient area can expose someone to the disease
Droplet Exposure
some diseases such as influenza, can be dispersed in large droplets, such as those transmitted by coughing, spitting, talking and sneezing
Contact exposure
as with touch exposure, some infections such as herpes simplex virus, are communicated by skit to skin contract or skin to other surfaces (ex counter tops,paper)
insect bites
mosquitoes, deer ticks, fleas and other insect/parasites spread disease as well. Zika is transmitted by mosquitoes, deer ticks transmit Lyme disease, and fleas spread plaque
Food and Water
there are many diseases, such as E. Coli or cholera, that are spread by ingestion of substances
diseases classified elsewhere
the condition has its own code within the code sets
underscores the fact that this is not a combination code and you will need two codes to report the condition
bacilli
rod shaped bacteria responsible for the development of diphtheria, tetanus, and tuberculosis, among others
spirilla
bacteria organisms shaped like a spiral, may cause cholera or syphilis
cocci
dot shaped bacteria known to cause gonorrhea, tonsillitis, scarlet fever, and bacterial meningitis
impetigo
common illness affecting children, caused by either streptococcal or staphylococcus pathogen
disease spreads through contact with oozing fluids from a bull bus or blister
is visually evident by appearance of rings that can rand from pea-size to large rings. They may itch and ooze yellow or honey colored fluid and then crust
Campylobacter
Common Bacterial Infections/Source/Code
source- food including raw poultry, raw meat and untreated milk
code- A04.5
Listeria
Common Bacterial Infections/Source/Code
source- untreated milk, dairy products, raw salads an vegetables
code- A32.-
Salmonella
Common Bacterial Infections/Source/Code
source- raw poultry, eggs, raw meat, untreated milk and dairy products
code- A02.9
Shigella
Common Bacterial Infections/Source/Code
source- untreated water, milk and dairy products, raw vegetables and salads, shellfish, turkey, apple cider
code- A03.-
Vibrio
Common Bacterial Infections/Source/Code
source- raw and lightly cooked shellfish
code- A00.-
Clostridium
Common Bacterial Infections/Source/Code
animal and human excreta, soil, dust, insects, raw meat
code- B96.7
Escheriachia
Common Bacterial Infections/Source/Code
source human and animal gut, sewage, water, raw meat
code- A49.8
Cellutlitis
serious infection of the skin that may be either a staph infection or strep infection. These pathogens typically enter the body through an abnormal opening in the epidermal layer of the skin for ex- a burn, puncture, wound, abrasions, or eve a bite (animal/human)
begins with typical signs of inflammation, erythema, heart arising form the area of infection,pain, and edema. Vesicles or bullae may appear in the infected area. Patient may develop a fever with chills, experience tachycardia, suffer a headache, have hypotention, and at time become mentally confused
Myobacterium tuberculosis
causative agent of tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that is transmitted through the air.
Latent tuberculosis infection
dormant and may not show symptoms right away.
tetanus (lock jaw)
infection of the NS caused by the entry of bacteria into the body through a break in the skin
causes death in 11 % of all cases
Visual Warts
most common in children and are rarely seen in the elderly
can spread from person to person during sexual contact or an individual with a viral wart can see it spread from one anatomical site to another
anogenital region (venereal) (wart code)
A63.0
common
wart code
B07.8
external genital organs (venereal)
wart code
A63.0
Flat
wart code
B07.8
Hassal-Henle’s (of cornea)
wart code
H18.49
Peruvian
wart code
A44.1
Plantar
wart code
B07.0
Prosector (tuberculosis)
wart code
A18. 4
Senile (Seborrheic)
wart code
L82.1
Inflamed
wart code
L82.1
tuberculosis
wart code
A18.4
Venereal
wart code
A63.0
Viral Hepatitis
refers to several different viral infections.
it is the most prevalent cause of malignant neoplsms of the liver
Hepatitis Type A
a viral infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus.
can travel from person to person by personal contact, however in addition, one can become infected through exposure to contaminated water or ice. Shellfish harvested from sewage-contaminated water as well as fruits, vegetables, and other foods that have been contaminated and eaten uncooked may also carry the hepatitis A virus
Hepatitis Type B
caused by hep B virus
is transmitted through contact with infected bodily fluids, such as blood or semen
can also spread by the use of equipment that has been contaminated with the virus,
Hepatitis Type C
considered the most wide spread chronic blood-borne infection
those most at risk are those using injected drugs
Hepatitis Type D
hepatitis delta
serious liver disease that requires the HBV virus to replicate itself.
its not often seen in the US
transmitted through direct contact with infecte blood, similar to how hep B is passed from one person to another
currently no vaccine
Hepatitis Type E
occurrences in the US are rare
known to be common in countries with poor sanitation and contaminated water supplies.
liver disease caused by hep E does not lead to chronic infections
no vaccine currently approved by FDA
Influenza
can be deadly
caused by influenza A or B virus and can be transmitted by causal contact, such as a handshake or touching a contaminated doorknob
common symptoms include body/muscle aches chills cough fever headache sore throat
Varicella (chicken pox)
generally not serious/most particularly for children
complications from varicella may include pneumonia in adults and bacterial infections of the skin and soft tissue in affected children.
infections can be severe and can lead to septicemia, toxic shock syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis, osteomyelities, bacterialpneumonia, an dseptic arthritis.
may be a connection between varicella and development of herpes zoster, aka, shingles, later in life
Rubeolo (measles)
low risk of catching it because of the measles vaccine.
Rubella (German Measles)
sypmtoms mild rash
can be serious to pregnant woman in her first trimester. When contracted during the early months of pregnancy, it can be associated with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)
Congenital rubella syndrome
cause any of a large number of birth defects, including deafness and possibly fetal death.
almost eliminated
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
transmitted by direct contact between individuals
small vesicles appear on reddend skin in clusters or groups, particularly in the mucous membranes.
HSV type 1
associated with orofacial disease
HSV type 2
infections in the genitalia
Herpes Zolster // postherpetic neuralgia (Shingles)
is an infection of varicella zoster virus- same pathogen that causes chicken pox
Zika virus Infections
coe A92.5 Zika virus disease
if the physician includes any terms of doubt DO NOT report A92.5. Instead you must report - the codes for the specific symptoms that are included in the documentation, such as joint pain, fever, etc
or
Z20.828 Contact with and (suspected) exposure to other viral communicable diseases
Zika Virus Symptoms
fever, joint pain
Urosepsis
query physician for clarification
Needlestick/sharps injury exposure
bloodborne pathogens, including HIV hepatitis B and hepatitis C, can be highly contagious when contaminated needs or other sharp objects ex scalpels,dental wire- penetrate protective outer layer of the skin
Give Examples of Fungal Plants
mushrooms, yeast, mold
What illness can Fungi cause?
aspergillus- lower respiritory tract dysfunction
candida albicans- infection in the mouth and vagina
onychomycosis- a common nail fungal infection
Different Types of Pneumonia
bacterial
viral
fungal
secondary
Bacterial meningitis examples
A39.0 Meningococcal Meningitis
A54.81 Gonococcal Meningitis
G00.2 Streptococcal Meningitis
Viral Meningitis examples
A87.1 Adenoviral Meningitis
A87.0 Echoviral Meningitis
B26.1 Mumps (virus) meningitis
