Chapter 11 Flashcards
atrium
a chamber that is located in the top half of the heart and receives blood
ventricle
a chamber that is located in the bottom half of the heart and receives blood from the atrium
secondary hypertension
the condition of hypertension caused by another condition or illness
myocardial infarction (MI)
malfunction of the heart due to necrosis or deterioration of a portion of the heart muscle; also known as a heart attack
STEMI
an ST elevation myocardial infarction - a heart event during which the coronary artery is completely blocked by a thrombus or embolus
in the documentation it will state-COMPLETELY BLOCKED
Thrombus
a blood clot in a blood vessel; plural = thrombi
embolus
a thrombus that has broken free from the vessel wall and is traveling freely within the vascular system
NSTEMI
a nontrans mural elevation myocardial infarction - a hear even during which the coronary artery is partially occluded (blocked)
in the documentation it will state-PARTIALLY BLOCKED
atherosclerosis
a condition resulting from plaque buildup on the interior walls of the arteries, causing reduced blood flow’ also known as arteriosclerosis
Angina
Chest Pain
Hypotension
low blood pressure; systolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg and or diastolic measurements of lower than 60mmHg
Hypertension
high blood pressure, usually a chronic condition; often identified by a systolic blood pressure above 140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure above 90 mmHg
- systemic disease, meaning it can affect every part of the body, throughout the patient’s entire system
- hypertension will affect treatment of almost any other condition, disease, or injury
- a code for the hypertension is almost always included, regardless of the reason for the encounter and even if treatment of the hypertension is not performed directly
elevated blood pressure
an occurrence of high blood pressure; an isolated or infrequent reading of a systolic blood pressure above 140 mmHg and or a diastolic blood pressure above 90 mmHg
vascular
referring to the vessels (arteries and veins)
edema
an overaccumulation of fluid in the cells of the tissues
secondary hypertension
the condition of hypertension caused by another condition or illness
Gestational hypertension
hypertension that develops during pregnancy and typically goes away once the pregnancy has ended
Cerebrovascular Accident
Rupture of a blood vessel causing hemorrhaging in the brain or an embolus in a blood vessel in the brain causing a loss of blood flow; aka stroke
Cerebral Infarction
an area of dead tissue (necrosis) in the brain caused by a blocked or ruptured blood vessel
infarction
tissue or muscle that has deteriorated or died (necrotic)
atrial fibrillation
a condition in which atria shudder or tremble in the heart instead of contracting to push blood through to the ventricles. This result s in incomplete emptying of the atria, leaving blood to collect and sometimes clot.
left heart failure or pulmonary edema or cardiac asthema
indicates an insufficiency of the heart’s left ventricle. This malfunction results in the accumulation of fluid in the lungs. When this happens patients may also develop respiratory problems.
right heart failure (secondary to left heart failure)
diagnosed when the heart cannot pump and circulate the blood needed throughout the body. Patients with this diagnosis may develop hypertension, congestion, edema, and fluid collection in the lungs
systolic heart failure
occurs when the contractions of the ventricles are too weak to push the blood through the heart. The documentation should include the specific detail that the condition is acute, chronic, or acute on chronic
diastolic heart failure
is the result of a ventricle of the heart being unable to fill as it should. the documentation should include the specific detail that the condition is acute, chronic, or acute on chronic
combined systolic and diastolic heart fauilure
means that the function of the heart is weak and unable to process blood properly. the documentation should include the specific detail that the condition is acute, chronic, or acute on chronic
To determine the code for a diagnosis of MI, you need to know
- what specific part of the heart was affected by the infarction
- has this patient been treated for MI before? if so, how long?
- in this infarction a STEMI or and NSTEMI
systolic pressure
the measure of the maximum push of blood being forced into an artery from the ventricle during a cardiac contraction. This is the top number of a reported blood pressure
diastolic pressure
the measure of the pressure of blood left in the arteries in-between ventricular contractions. This is the bottom number of a reported blood pressure.
arteries
blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues and cells throughout the body
veins
blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood, along with carbon dioxide and cell waste, away from the tissues and cells throughout the body and back to the heart
