Chapter 8

Question 1

Subjective experience or apprehension and uncertainty that accompanies elevated autonomic and voluntary neural outflow and increased activity of the endocrine system

Answer 1

State anxiety

Question 2

Personality variable/disposition that relates to probability that someone will see and environment as threatening. _____ is a primer for state anxiety

Answer 2

Trait anxiety

Question 3

Psychological processes and worrisome thoughts

Answer 3

Cognitive anxiety

Question 4

Physical symptoms like muscle tension, tachycardia, and the butterfly feeling in stomach

Answer 4

Somatic anxiety

Question 5

What is the ideal state of performance?

Answer 5

1. Absence of fear
2. Distortion of time and space
3. Don’t think about or analyze performance
4. Feeling of effortlessness
5. Narrower focus of attention
6. Personal control

Question 6

Important for all athletes. Desire to be both competent and self-determining. Comes from the inner reward and love for the game that is felt

Answer 6

Intrinsic motivation

Question 7

Engages in sports because of their love to compete and compare themselves socially. Tend to be the better athlete, as they have an appetite for competition

Answer 7

Extrinsic motivation

Question 8

What we use when we want to increase the occurrence of some behavior.

Answer 8

Positive reinforcement

Question 9

Removing an act, object, or even that is aversive

Answer 9

Negative reinforcement

Question 10

What are the 4 types of goals

Answer 10

1. Process
2. Outcome
3. Short-term
4. Long-term

Question 11

Athlete has control over. Success is highly probable when effort is put forth

Answer 11

Process goals

Question 12

Athlete does not have control over. Winning, earning medals, scoring points, or ranking high in competition

Answer 12

Outcome goals

Question 13

Related to training or competition. Achieved in a rather short period of time. Increase the likelihood of success

Answer 13

Short-term goals

Question 14

Goals that stretch over many short term goals. Multiple ________ should lead to a ________-

Answer 14

Long-term goal. Short term-long term

Question 15

What are the 4 typical physical relaxation techniques?

Answer 15

1. Diaphragmatic Breathing
2. Progressive muscular relaxation
3. Autogenic Training
4. Systematic densensitization

Question 16

The focus is put on deep breathing that clears the mind and increases the capacity for attention.

Answer 16

Diaphragmatic breathing

Question 17

Alternating muscular tensing and relaxing phases promotes a relaxed mind and a relaxed body

Answer 17

Progressive muscular relaxation

Question 18

Puts focus onto the sense of warmth and heaviness in a limb or muscle group

Answer 18

Autogenic training

Question 19

Help athletes confront or reduce their fear. Replaces fear responses with relaxation responses

Answer 19

Systematic desensitization