Chapter 2 & 3 Flashcards
Direct mover
Agonist
Opposite side; slows down the movement
Antagonist
Assists with performing the movement indirectly
Synergist
A semirigid or rigid body that when given force with a line of action not passing the pivot point, puts force to an object that stops its tendency to rotate.
Lever
Muscle force and the force of resistance act on the opposite side of the fulcrum. Tricep extension or goodmorning
1st Class lever
Weight is located between the axis and the force applied. Calf raises or wheelbarrow
Second class lever
Most common lever. Force is applied between both the resistance and the axis
3rd Class lever
What happens when tendon is inserted farther away from the joint?
- Should be able to lift heavier weights because of the longer moment arm.
- Will be a loss in the speed of movement because of the need for more contractions
Splits the body into left and right. Movements are front and back
Sagittal plane
Splits the body into front and back halves. Movements are side to side
Frontal plane
Splits the body into a top and a bottom. Movement are twisting
Transverse Plane
What are the sources of resistance to muscular contractions? (5)
- Gravity
- Inertia
- Friction
- Fluid resistance
- Elasticity
The downward force on objects from gravity, known as the weight of the object
Gravity
When a weight is accelerated
Inertia
Moving an object that is against another object
Friction
Moving through a liquid or gas
Fluid resistance
The further you stretch something that is elastic, the more resistance it has
Elasticity
Muscle is shortening
Concentric
Muscle in lengthening
Eccentric
Muscle doesn’t change its length at all
Isometric
How does intra-abdominal pressure work when lifting?
Deep torso muscles and the diaphragm contract which creates pressure within the abdominal cavity. The pressure supports the vertebral column during resistance training. Weight belts can increase intra-abdominal pressure
What reduces risk for injuries while resistance training?
- warm-up with lighter weights (knee and should prove to be two of the most important joints to warm-up
- Don’t ignore pain in or around any joints
- Take care when adding in plyometric drills
- Exercise within full range of motion
- Use light weight when try new exercises or return from extended time off
- Never lift max loads without gradually working up to it
What does ATP stand for and what is it composed of?
Adenosine triphosphate (one adenosine and 3 phosphate groups)
What is adenosine made up of?
Adenine (nitrogen) and ribose (5 carbon sugar)
Breakdown of one ATP molecule for the yield of energy
Hydrolysis
What are the energy pathways
- Phosphagen
- Glycolysis
- Oxidative
Short term and high intensity activities present for the beginning of all exercise
Phosphagen
Used as an energy reserve for rapid replenishment of ATP
Creatine
Concentrations of products, reactants, or both, within a solution will drive the direction of the reactants
Law of mass action
Energy system that breaks down carbs
Glycolysis
What is the end product of glycolysis
Pyruvate
Pyruvate can be converted into what?
lactate or taken to the mitochondria
What happens when is pyruvate is converted into lactate?
The cori cycle will be used to take the lactate to the liver via blood and convert again to glucose
What happens when pyruvate is converted to the mitochondria?
Go to the krebs cycle and we concvert to Acetyl-CoA and make NADH.
Main source of ATP when at rest or exercising at lower intensities
Oxidative
This energy system relies on carbs and fats to resynthesize ATP
Oxidative
0-6 seconds and extremely high intensity
Phosphagen
6-30 second and very high intensity
phosphagen and fast glycolysis
30 second-2 minutes and high intensity
Fast glycolysis
2-3 minutes and moderate intensity
Fast glycolysis and oxidative
More than 3 minutes and low intensity
Oxidative
Needed to replenish the levels of oxygen in the blood
EPOC (Excess postexercise oxygen consumption)
Three types of training?
- Interval
- High intensity Interval
- Combination
Predetermined exercise and rest intervals
Interval training
Briefs periods of all out exercise with some intermittent recovery times
High intensity interval training
Aerobic endurance to anaerobic athlete training for enhanced recovery
Combination training
What training is the most effective way to improve athletic performance?
High intensity interval training
What training may result in overtraining?
Combination training
