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CSCS Study > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the skeleton consist of?

A

Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
Joint

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2
Q

skull (cranium), vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

A

Axial skeleton

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3
Q

shoulder/pectoral girdle, pelvic, and the bones of the extremities

A

Appendicular skeleton

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4
Q

What are the 5 groups of the vertebral column?

A 
Cervical Spine (C7)
Thoracic Spine (T12)
Lumbar Spine (L5)
Sacral Spine (4 fused vertebrae)
Coccygeal group has 3-5 vertebrae
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5
Q

What are the movements of the joint?

A

Fibrous: basically no movement (Sutures of skull)
Cartilaginous: limited movement (intervertebral disks)
Synovial: considerable movement (knee and elbow)

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6
Q

What are the axis or axes of the joints?

A

Uniaxial: rotate over one axis (elbow)
Biaxial: rotate over two perpendicular axes (ankle or wrist)
Multiaxial: movement in all three axes (shoulder or hip)

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7
Q

What are the three fibrous connective tissues in the body?

A

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium

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8
Q

Outermost layer of connective tissue. Covers the entire muscle

A

Epimysium

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9
Q

Covers the bundles. Middle layer

A

Perimysium

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10
Q

Smallest fibrous connective tissue. Covers individual muscle fibers.

A

Endomysium

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11
Q

Hinge point, fibrous tail, and globular head

A

Myosin

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12
Q

Two strands in a double helix shape

A

Actin

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13
Q

What is the sliding filament theory?

A
  1. Resting phase: not a lot of calcium
  2. Excitation Coupling phase: SR releases calcium. Calcium bonds with troponin. Tropomyosin shifts which allows crossbridges to attach quicker to actin.
  3. Contraction Phase: pulling action
  4. Recharge Phase: calcium is available in myofibril
  5. Relaxation Phase: calcium gets put back into SR
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14
Q

What are the three types of muscle fibers?

A

Type I
Type IIa
Type IIx

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15
Q

What is type I muscle fibers?

A

Slow twitch
Resistant to fatigue
High capacity for supply of aerobic energy
Limited force development

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16
Q

What is type II muscle fibers?

A 
Fast twitch
Lower aerobic power ability
develop rapid force
High ATPase activity 
High anaerobic power
17
Q

What is the difference between type IIa and type IIx?

A

Type IIa fibers have more aerobic metabolism capacity along with increased number of capillaries

18
Q

Are type II or type I muscle fibers larger?

A

Type II fibers

19
Q
  • Inside connective tissue sheath
  • Run parallel to normal fibers
  • Give back information regarding the length of the muscle and the rate of change in length.
  • All impulses go to the spinal cord
A

Muscle Spindles

20
Q

What are the three main ways to increase force production?

A
  1. heavier loads
  2. increase muscle cross sectional area
  3. perform multijoint, multiple muscle compound exercise
21
Q

Deals with the activation of muscles

All muscle fibers within a muscle unit contract at once and develop force at the same time

A

all-or-none principle

22
Q

Information our body takes in regarding the position of body parts with respect to gravity

A

Proprioception

23
Q
  • Located inside of tendons

- Gives feedback based on stretch and tension within the muslce

A

Golgi Tendon Organs

24
Q

Pumps blood to the lungs

A

Right ventricle

25
Q

Pumps blood to the rest of the body

A

Left ventricle

26
Q

What are the four valves of the heart?

A
  1. Mitral
  2. Tricuspid
  3. Aortic
  4. Pulmonary
27
Q

What valves prevent the blood flow from the ventricle back to the atria during contraction

A

Mitral and tricuspid

28
Q

What valves prevent backflow from the ventricles

A

Aortic and pulmonary

29
Q

Rhythmic electric impulses start (pacemaker)

A

Sinoatrial node

30
Q

Impulses get delayed before passing to ventricle

A

Atrioventricular node

31
Q

Conducts impulses to the ventricles

A

Atrioventricular bundle

32
Q

Return of blood back to the heart

A

Skeleton muscle pump

CSCS Study (9 decks)

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