Chapter 4

Question 1

Responses of the adrenal glands to stimuli. Increases in stress is referred to as adaptations

Answer 1

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Question 2

Chemical messengers that we synthesize, store, and release to the blood from our endocrine glands

Answer 2

Hormones

Question 3

Build tissue. Main ones include insulin, growth hormone, testosterone, and insulin like growth factor

Answer 3

Anabolic hormones

Question 4

Degrade cell proteins. Cortisol and progesterone

Answer 4

Catabolic hormone

Question 5

Many of the body’s hormones are _______ to cross cell membranes, so the signal is relayed in the cell via secondary messengers

Answer 5

unable

Question 6

Hormones going to specific cell receptor

Answer 6

Lock-and-key theory

Question 7

The the lock-and-key theory the receptor is the _______ and the _______ is the hormone

Answer 7

Lock; key

Question 8

Hormones are unable to connect to a receptor

Answer 8

Downregulation

Question 9

Three main hormone categories

Answer 9

1. Steroids
2. Polypeptides
3. Amine

Question 10

These hormones come from the adrenal cortex and the gonads

Answer 10

Steroids

Question 11

These hormones are fat soluble

Answer 11

Steroids

Question 12

These hormone diffuse through the cell membranes passively. The bind with the receptor and make a hormone-receptor complex.

Answer 12

Steroids

Question 13

These hormones are made of amino acid chains

Answer 13

Polypeptides

Question 14

These hormones are unable to cross the cell membrane as they are not fat soluble

Answer 14

Polypeptides

Question 15

These hormones are made up of the amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan

Answer 15

Amine

Question 16

Three main anabolic hormones

Answer 16

1. Testosterone
2. Growth hormone
3. Insulin-like growth factors

Question 17

How much more testosterone do men have than women

Answer 17

15-20 times more testosterone than women

Question 18

Catabolic hormone that is used to convert amino acids into carbs, increase levels of enzymes that break down proteins, and to inhibit protein synthesis

Answer 18

Cortisol

Question 19

Do cortisol levels increase or decrease after sessions?

Answer 19

increase

Question 20

To increase testosterone, we should:

Answer 20

1. exercise using large muscles
2. use heavy resistance
3. High volumes with many sets or exercises
4. Use shorter rest periods
5. 2 or more years of training

Question 21

To increase Growth hormone, we should:

Answer 21

High intensity exercise with:

1. 3 sets per exercise
2. shorter rest period of 1 minute or less
3. add carbs and proteins after workouts

Question 22

To optimize adrenal hormone response, we should:

Answer 22

1. work with high volume
2. large muscle groups
3. short rest period
4. vary these three to help with recovery