Chapter 4 Flashcards
Responses of the adrenal glands to stimuli. Increases in stress is referred to as adaptations
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Chemical messengers that we synthesize, store, and release to the blood from our endocrine glands
Hormones
Build tissue. Main ones include insulin, growth hormone, testosterone, and insulin like growth factor
Anabolic hormones
Degrade cell proteins. Cortisol and progesterone
Catabolic hormone
Many of the body’s hormones are _______ to cross cell membranes, so the signal is relayed in the cell via secondary messengers
unable
Hormones going to specific cell receptor
Lock-and-key theory
The the lock-and-key theory the receptor is the _______ and the _______ is the hormone
Lock; key
Hormones are unable to connect to a receptor
Downregulation
Three main hormone categories
- Steroids
- Polypeptides
- Amine
These hormones come from the adrenal cortex and the gonads
Steroids
These hormones are fat soluble
Steroids
These hormone diffuse through the cell membranes passively. The bind with the receptor and make a hormone-receptor complex.
Steroids
These hormones are made of amino acid chains
Polypeptides
These hormones are unable to cross the cell membrane as they are not fat soluble
Polypeptides
These hormones are made up of the amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan
Amine
Three main anabolic hormones
- Testosterone
- Growth hormone
- Insulin-like growth factors
How much more testosterone do men have than women
15-20 times more testosterone than women
Catabolic hormone that is used to convert amino acids into carbs, increase levels of enzymes that break down proteins, and to inhibit protein synthesis
Cortisol
Do cortisol levels increase or decrease after sessions?
increase
To increase testosterone, we should:
- exercise using large muscles
- use heavy resistance
- High volumes with many sets or exercises
- Use shorter rest periods
- 2 or more years of training
To increase Growth hormone, we should:
High intensity exercise with:
- 3 sets per exercise
- shorter rest period of 1 minute or less
- add carbs and proteins after workouts
To optimize adrenal hormone response, we should:
- work with high volume
- large muscle groups
- short rest period
- vary these three to help with recovery
