chapter 8 Flashcards
1
Q
anorexia and bulimia similarities and differences
A
- extreme fear of gaining weight and drive to be thin
- self evaluation unduly influenced by body shape/weight
- health threatening - highest mortality rates of all disorders
2
Q
binge eating and bulimia similarities
A
- controlled eating binges of large amounts of food
3
Q
all eating disorders
A
- similar concerns of body size and shape
4
Q
anorexia medical concerns
A
- amenorrhea
- dry skin
- brittle nails
- sensitivity to cold temps
- lanugo
- electrolyte imbalance
- cardiovascular problems
5
Q
bulimia medical concerns
A
- amenorrhea
- salivary gland enlargement
- erosion of dental enamel
- electrolyte imbalance
- kidney failure
- cardiac arrhythmia
- intestinal problem s
- colon damage
6
Q
eating disorder stats
A
- anorexia and bulimia: 90-95% female
- anorexia lifetime prevalence: 2-4%
- bulimia lifetime prevalence: 1-8%
- binge eating: 2% of population, both genders
7
Q
cultural considerations
A
- highest rates occur in western countries
- most severe cases in young white females in competitive environments
- recent immigrants have increased eating disorders and obesity
- increasing rates in western counties and pacific rim countries
8
Q
social dimensions of eating disorders
A
- media and cultural considerations: being thin -= success happiness, exposure to high fat and sugary food, imperative thinness translates into dieting
- ideal body size and standards: perceptions of normal and fat, ideal usually unattainable
- social and gender standards: internal and perceived, social and peer group norms
- dieting and trends: relationship between body standards, development of eating disorders
9
Q
developmental and gender considerations
A
- what is normal growth and developmetn during puberty
- what impact might the differential patterns of physical development in girls and boys have on the development of size and eating concerns
- what is the ideal body
10
Q
anorexia
A
- persistent food restriction that leads to low weight
- dont recognize seriousness of weight loss
- fear of gaining weight
- disturbance in body image
11
Q
anorexia onset
A
- between 13-15
- begins with normal dieting
- many are 25-30% below normal body weight
12
Q
anorexia specifiers
A
- type: restricting weight loss, binging/purging
- severity: mild (bmi >17) to extreme (bmi >15)
- chronicity: most chronic of all eating disorders
- comorbidity: OCD, anxiety, depression, bipolar, suicide, substance abude
13
Q
bulimia nervosa
A
- binge eating: recurrent intake of an excessive amount of food
- compensatory behaviour: slef induced vomiting, diuretics, laxatives, excessive exercise, fasting diet pills
- self evaluation unduly influenced by body shape and weight
- characterized by shame and secrecy
- most within 10% of normal weight
14
Q
bulimia onset and duration and comorbidity and severity
A
- females ages 16-19
- binge and compensatory behaviours at least once a week for 3mo
- chronic if untreated
- most experience 1+ mental disorders, substance abuse
- most common: mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance abuse
- severity: mild (1-3 episodes/week) to severe (14+ episodes)
15
Q
binge eating
A
- recurrent uncontrolled eating
- rapid eating
- large amounts when not hungry
- eating alone bc embarrassed
- feelings of disgust and guilt
16
Q
binge specifiers, features
A
- mild: (1-3 episodes/week) to severe (14+ episodes)
- doesnt engage in compensatory behaviours
- similar weight shape concerns as anorexics and bulimics
- can occur in childhood-young adulthood
- many experience dieting prior to onset
- binge episodes occur at least once a week for 3mp
17
Q
biological causes
A
- twins have shown heritability
- some symptoms may be genetically determined
- inherited tendencies: emotional instability, poor impulse control, anxiety and mood disorder
- serotonin: low activity associated with impulsivity and binge eating (makes you feel less full)
- hormones: relationship with dysregulation of ovarian hormones and binge eating, at certain times of menstrual cycle eat more
18
Q
psychological causes
A
- low sense of personal control
- perfectionistic
- perception of being overweight
- mood intolerance
- preoccupation with food
- anxiety
19
Q
family influences
A
- successful, driven, perfectionistic
- overly concerned with appearance
- enmeshed (not close)
- negative modeling
- high control
- influenced tendencies for attitudes and tendencies
20
Q
medical treatment
A
- anorexia: little evidence for drug treatments, some evidence for atypical antipsychotic
- bulimia: antidepressants: ssris have some effects, antidepressants dont have long term effects
21
Q
psychological treatment (general)
A
- one of hardest to treat bc they dont see a problem
- transdiagnostic treatment: focus on causal factors, specific targets: importance of body size, disordered eating, readiness to change
22
Q
anorexia psych treatment
A
- weight restoration: first and easiest goal
- involves education, behavioural and cognitive interventions, often includes family, especially for adolescents
- targets attitudes on body size
23
Q
bulimia psych treatments (and binge)
A
- CBT
- targets dysfunctional beliefs towards dieting, purging, healthy eating, body size, shape
- coping strategies for resisting urge to binge/purge
- interpersonal therapy, similar goals to CBT
