chapter 3 Flashcards
purpose of assessing
- understand person
- current distress, symptoms, impairment
- history
- functioning
- make sure its really happening
- determine a diagnosis
- treat
reliability
- consistency of the measurement or procedures
- need a way to assess with same answers each time
validity
- does it measure what its supposed to
standardization
- procedures to ensure consistency
- done the same way every time
structured interviews
- only ask questions on form
- skid: answer a question one way and ask a set of questions depending on answer
semistructures
- must use set of questions but can add to it
- most used
unstructured
- whatever the client wants to talk about
- ask about what is said
- can be invalid bc up to clinician
multiple domains assessed
- why did they get help
- current behavior
- attitudes
- emotions
- history
- coping methods, strengths
- life functioning
- severity
areas to assess
- current stresses
- anxiety
- trauma
- depressive symptoms
- suicidal
- functional impairment
- physical health
- social, emotional, relationship problems
- substance use or abuse
- family violence
mental status exam
- provides clinical and cognitive functioning info about clients
- assesses functioning
- interview, get observations
mse: appearance and behaviour
- long sleeves
- sluggish or fast
- spontaneous speech
- pressured or poverty speech
mse: thought process
- langage or speech
- word salad
- loose associations
- disturbance in associations
- perceptual disturbances
- what is stress about
intellectual functioning
- how intelligent
- cognitive measures
- memory
sensorium
- orientation
- awareness
- consiousness
behavioural assessment and observation
- identification and observation of target
- focus on interactions between events
- thought diary
- classroom observation
ABC
- antecedents
- behaviour
- consequences
psychological testing
- trying to answer a question
- give more information on areas of functioning and impairment
- tools: cognition and emotional functioning, personality traits and behaviour, neuropsychological functioning
- objective tests: standardized, self report measures
- projective tests: person responds to an ambiguous task
cognitive testing
- determine intellectual ability
- strengths and limitations
- determine cognitive functioning, potential deficits
MMPI
- 30-70 normal
- disorders on bottom, numbers on side
- PD = psychological deviance
- PA = paranoia
- PT - psychasthemia
- SC - schizophrenia
- M = mania
- SI = social interaction
clinical scales
- if a person is truthful or not
- can be too uncomfortable to say something, may try to be sicker than they are
- Fscale: frequency or infrequency (pick up exaggerations)
- k = supressor scale (lessen exaggerations)
psychophisiological assessment
- assessed activity of nervous system and other systems
- EEG, EKG, EMG
- what are physiological responses and bodily functions
types of neuroimaging
- brain structure: CAT, CT, MRI
- brain function: PET, SPECT, fMRI
classical categorical approach
- assumes each disorder unique with own symptoms
- used for a long time
- not a lot of crossover with symptoms
- need to fit all or most symptoms
dimensional approach
- disorders on contimuum
- more inclusive
prototypical
- combines dimensional and classical
- includes features and symptoms but there is variability
DSM
- standardized system for criteria and diagnosis
- reliability for diagnosis
- each version with new diagnoses
- 297 disorders
- research based
- inclusion and exclusion criteria clear
- fuller descriptions
- looks at severity
characteristics of DSM
- prototypical approach but greater emphasis on dimensional
- greater emphasis on current research and practice, developmental considerations
