Chapter 8

Question 1

reproduction may be

Answer 1

1. sexual

2. asexual

Question 2

sexual reproduction

Answer 2

combining genetic info from two individuals

always involves development from a single cell

Question 3

asexual reproduction

Answer 3

production of new individuals through cell division (mitosis and cytokinesis)
in multicelled organisms there are 2 proceses:
1. production of a multi-celled individual
2. development from a single cell

Question 4

what is usually the only form of reproduction in prokaryotes

Answer 4

asexual

Question 5

asexual reproduction is common in

Answer 5

single celled eukaryotes
plants
fungi

Question 6

examples of asexual reproduction in multicellular organisms

Answer 6

production of new multicellular individuals (budding)

Question 7

asexual reproduction using

Answer 7

sex organs (development from unfertilized eggs)
drones (males bees) develop from unfertilized eggs (asexual reproduction)
workers and queens develop from fertilized eggs (sexual reproduction)

Question 8

gene

Answer 8

unit of heredity

particular genes are always found in the same location

Question 9

diploid

Answer 9

2 sets of genes

Question 10

haploid

Answer 10

1 set of genes (half)

Question 11

homologous chromosomes

Answer 11

chromosomes containing genes fro the same characteristics

one is inherited from the mother (maternal) and one is from the father (paternal)

Question 12

alleles

Answer 12

different forms of a gene

homologous chromosomes may have different alleles, sister chromatids do not

Question 13

sister chromatids have the same

Answer 13

copy of a gene, homologous chromsomes may not

Question 14

gametes

Answer 14

haploid sex cells (egg and sperm)

there can be haploid cells that are not sex cells

Question 15

meiosis

Answer 15

production of haploid cells from diploid cells

Question 16

fertilization

Answer 16

union of gamates to produce an diploid cell (zygote)

Question 17

when reproduction occurs from unfertilized eggs

Answer 17

they may be diploid or haploid

Question 18

production of gametes through meiosis

Answer 18

cells that produce gametes duplicate their DNA during interphase

Question 19

two seperate events in meiosis

Answer 19

meiosis 1
separation of homologous chromosomes
seperation of sister chromatids

Question 20

homologous chromosomes pair form what in prophase 1

Answer 20

tetrads

Question 21

spindle protiens attach to

Answer 21

chromosomes

Question 22

metaphase 1

Answer 22

tetrads line up in the middle of the cell

homologous chromosomes lie on either side of the metaphase plate

Question 23

anaphase 1

Answer 23

homologous chromosomes seperate and migrate to each end of the cell
each maternal and paternal chromosome can go either end of the cell (independant assortment)

Question 24

telophase 1 and cytokinesis

Answer 24

cell split into two
a nuclear membrane may or may not form
the cells are not genetically identical

Question 25

meiosis 2

Answer 25

similar to mitosis: separates sister chromatids

Question 26

independent assortment

Answer 26

each pair of homologous chromosomes are sorted into each new cell independently of the other pairs
2 possibility: both maternal chromosomes line up on the same side of the cell
: maternal chromosomes line up different sides of the cell