Chapter 8

Question 1

general intelligence

Answer 1

cognitive processes that influence the ability to think and learn on all intellectual tasks

Question 2

fluid intelligence

Answer 2

ability to think on the spot to solve novel problems (decrease slowly after adulthood)

Question 3

crystallized intelligence

Answer 3

factual knowledge about the world (increase with age)

Question 4

primary mental abilities

Answer 4

seven abilities proposed by thurstone as crucial to intelligence
word fluency. verbal meaning, reasoning, spatial visualization, numbering, rote memory, perceptual speed

Question 5

three stratum theory of intelligence

Answer 5

Carrolls model that places g at the top of the intelligence hierarchy, 8 moderately general abilities in the middle, many specific processes at the bottom

Question 6

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)

Answer 6

test to measure the intelligence of children 6 years or older
A verbal section that focuses on general knowledge of the world and skill in using language.
A performance section that focuses on spatial and perceptual abilities.
Each section includes six subtests

Question 7

IQ

Answer 7

quantitative measure, within a mean of 100 and sd of 15, used to indicate a childs intelligence relative to that of other children of the same age

Question 8

Flynn effect

Answer 8

consistent rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the past 80 years in many countries

Question 9

Caroline Abecedarian Project

Answer 9

comprehensive enrichment program for children from low income families

Question 10

multiple intelligence theory

Answer 10

Gardners theory of intellect, based on the view that people possess at least 8 types of intelligence
linguistic, logical- mathematical, spatial, musical, naturalistic, bodily- kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal

Question 11

Theory of successful intelligence

Answer 11

Sternbergs theory of intellect, based on the view that intelligence is the ability to achieve success in life
success depends on analytic, practical, and creative

Question 12

phonemic awareness

Answer 12

ability to identify component sounds within words

stage 0

Question 13

phonological recording skills

Answer 13

ability to translate letters into sounds and to blend sounds into words, informally called sounding out
stage 1

Question 14

visually based retrieval

Answer 14

proceeding directly from the visual form of a word to its meaning

Question 15

strategy- choice process

Answer 15

procedure for selecting among alternative ways of solving problems

Question 16

mental model

Answer 16

cognitive processes used to represent a situation or sequence of events

Question 17

dyslexia

Answer 17

inability to read and spell well despite having normal intelligence

Question 18

comprehension monitoring

Answer 18

process of keeping track of ones understanding of a verbal description or text

Question 19

script

Answer 19

typical sequence of actions used to organize and interpret repeated events, such as eating in restaurants, going to dr, writing reports

Question 20

numerical magnitude represntation

Answer 20

mental models of the sizes, ordered along a less to more dimension

Question 21

symbolic numerical magnitude

Answer 21

numbers expressed orally or in writing such as 7 or seven

Question 22

mathematical equality

Answer 22

concept that the values on each side of the equal sign must be equivalent

Question 23

gesture- speech mismatches

Answer 23

phenomenon in which hard movements and verbal statements convey different ideas