Chapter 15 vocab

Question 1

assertion*

Answer 1

tendency to take action on behalf of the self through competitive, independent, or aggressive behaviors

Question 2

affiliation*

Answer 2

tendency to affirm connection with others through being emotionally open, empathetic or cooperative

Question 3

collaboration*

Answer 3

coordination of assertion and affiliation in behavior, which is associated with gender-role flexibility and more common among girls than boys

Question 4

gender-typed*

Answer 4

behaviors associated with a given persons gender

Question 5

cross-gender typed*

Answer 5

behaviors associated with the gender other than that of a given person

Question 6

gender typing*

Answer 6

the process of gender socialization and development

Question 7

androgens*

Answer 7

class of steroid hormones hat normally occur at higher levels in males than in females and that affect physical development and functioning from the prenatal period onward

Question 8

organizing influences*

Answer 8

potential result of certain sex-linked hormones affecting brain differentiation and organization during prenatal development or at puberty

Question 9

activating influences*

Answer 9

potential resulting of certain fluctuations in sex-linked hormone levels affecting the contemporaneous activation of the nervous system and corresponding behavioral responses

Question 10

self socialization*

Answer 10

active process during development whereby childrens cognitions lead them to perceive the world and to act in accord with their expectations and beliefs

Question 11

gender identity*

Answer 11

awareness of oneself as a boy or a girl

Question 12

gender stability*

Answer 12

awareness that gender remains the same over time

Question 13

gender constancy*

Answer 13

realization that gender is invariant despite superficial changes in a persons appearance or behavior

Question 14

gender schemas*

Answer 14

organized mental representations about gender, including gender stereotypes

Question 15

gender schema filter*

Answer 15

initial evaluation of information as relevant for ones own gender

Question 16

interest filter*

Answer 16

initial evaluation of information as being personality interesting

Question 17

ingroup bias*

Answer 17

tendency to evaluate individuals and charactersitics of the ingroup as superior to those of the outgroup

Question 18

tuition*

Answer 18

learning through direct teaching

Question 19

enactive experience*

Answer 19

learning to take into account the reactions ones past behavior has evoked in others

Question 20

observational learning*

Answer 20

learning through watching other people and the consequences others experience as a result of their actions

Question 21

opportunity structure*

Answer 21

the economic and social resources offered by the macrosystem in the bioecological model, and peoples understanding of those resources

Question 22

gender segregation*

Answer 22

childrens tendency to associate with same gender peers and to avoid other-gender peers

Question 23

gender role intensification*

Answer 23

heightened concerns with adhering to traditional gender roles that may occur during adolesence

Question 24

gender role flexibility*

Answer 24

recognition of gender roles as social conventions and adoption of more flexible attitudes and interests

Question 25

effect size

Answer 25

magnitude of difference between two groups averages and the amount of overlap in theur distributions

Question 26

meta-analysis

Answer 26

statistical technique used to summarize average effect size and statistical significance across several research studies

Question 27

puberty

Answer 27

developmental period marked by the ability to reproduce and other dramatic bodily changes

Question 28

menarche

Answer 28

onset of menstruation

Question 29

spermarche

Answer 29

onset of capacity for ejaculation

Question 30

body image

Answer 30

an individuals perception of and feelings about, his and her own body

Question 31

adrenarche

Answer 31

period prior to the emergence of visible signs of puberty during which the adrenal glands mature, providing a major source of sex steroid hormones; correlates with the onset of sexual attraction