Chapter 6

Question 1

Symbols

Answer 1

systems for representing our thoughts, feelings and knowledge and for communicating them to people

Question 2

comprehension

Answer 2

with regard to language, understanding what others say

Question 3

production

Answer 3

with regard to language, speaking to others

Question 4

generativity

Answer 4

refers to the idea that through the use of the finite set of words and morphemes in humans vocabulary, we can put together an infinite number of sentences and express an infinite number of ideas

Question 5

phonemes

Answer 5

the elementary units of meaningful sound used to produce language

Question 6

phonological development

Answer 6

the acquisition of knowledge about the sound system of a language, phonemes

Question 7

morphemes

Answer 7

the smallest units of meaning in a language.l composed of one of more phonemes

Question 8

semantic development

Answer 8

the learning of the system for expressing meaning in a language including word learning, morphemes

Question 9

syntax

Answer 9

rules in a language that specify how words from different categories can be combined

Question 10

syntactic development

Answer 10

the learning of the syntax of a language

Question 11

pragmatic development

Answer 11

knowledge about how language is used

Question 12

mealinguistic knowledge

Answer 12

an understanding of the properties and function of language- an understanding of language as language

Question 13

critical period

Answer 13

the time during which language develops readily and after (between 5 and puberty) is more difficult to learn

Question 14

bilingualism

Answer 14

the ability to use two languages

Question 15

prosody

Answer 15

characteristic rhythm, temp, cadence, melody and so forth which a language is spoke, fetus sensitive

Question 16

categorical perception

Answer 16

the perception of speech sounds as belonging to discrete categories (turn head when you hear a different sound)

Question 17

word segmentation

Answer 17

the process of discovering where words begin and end in fluent speech

Question 18

distributional properties

Answer 18

the phenomenon that in any language, certain sounds are more likely to appear together than are others

Question 19

babbling

Answer 19

repetitive consonant-vowel sequences
papa, baba, gaga
6-10 months

Question 20

early interactions

Answer 20

turn taking, intersubjectivity, joint attention, pointing

Question 21

first words

Answer 21

recognize, comprehend, produce
5 months pick up own name
7-8 months learn new words

Question 22

holophrastic period

Answer 22

period when children begin using the words int heir small productive vocabulary one word at a time (express a phrase with a word)

Question 23

overextension

Answer 23

the use of a given word in a broader context than is appropriate

Question 24

fast mapping

Answer 24

process of rapidly learning a new word simply from hearing the contrastive use of a familiar and unfamiliar word

Question 25

pragmatic cues

Answer 25

aspects of the social context used for word learning

Question 26

syntactic bootstrapping

Answer 26

the strategy of using the grammatical structure of whole sentences to figure out meaning

Question 27

telegraphic speech

Answer 27

chrildrens first sentences that are generally two word utterances

Question 28

ocerregularization

Answer 28

speech errors in which children treat irregular forms of words as if they were regular

Question 29

collective monologue

Answer 29

conversations between children that involves a series of non sequiturs, the content of each childs turn having little or nothing to do with what the other child has just said

Question 30

narative

Answer 30

descriptions of past events that have the basic structure of a story

Question 31

modularity hypothesis

Answer 31

the idea that the human brain contains an innate, self contained language module that is seperate from other aspects of cognitive functioning

Question 32

connectionism

Answer 32

type of information-processing approach that emphasizes the simultaneous activity of numerous interconnected processing units

Question 33

dual representation

Answer 33

the idea that a symbolic artifact must be represented mentally in two ways at the same time- both as a real object and as a symbol for something other than itsself