Chapter 8 Flashcards
Personality is about ____ and ____
individual differences; common mechanisms
Wiggins proposed that there were ___ basic ____, identifiable in terms of the different ____ writing about personality, the ____ they see as central, the ways in which they ____, and the ____ they accept for resolving theoretical issues in the light of data.
5; paradigms in personality assessment; communities of scholars and practitioners; issues; collect data; criteria
What were the names of Wiggins’ paradigms?
- psychoanalytic
- interpersonal
- personological
- multivariate (trait)
- empirical
Which 2 paradigms does the textbook list as being added to Wiggins’ paradigms?
Social-cognitive and positive psychology
What was the starting point of understanding according to Freud?
That our behaviour, thoughts, and emotions are the result largely of processes of which we are unaware
Which major questions can a psychoanalytical perspective inform?
- what to look for
- how to interpret it
- how these observations can provide an account of the person being assessed
What were Westen’s 3 main questions to be answered in personality assessment?
- what psychological resources does the individual have at his or her disposal?
- what does the person wish for, fear, value, and how do these motives combine and conflict to produce conscious experience and behaviour?
- how does the person experience the self and others, and to what extent can the individual enter into intimate relationships?
Which tests often form the main battery for psychoanalytical assessment?
WAIS-IV
Rorschach
TAT
Define the projective hypothesis
Postulates that in responding to the inkblots, the individual draws on their unconscious to give meaning to the ambiguous stimuli, and thereby revealing something of their unconscious mental life
What are the 3 major criticisms of the Rorschach?
- lack of predictive validity
- lack of incremental validity
- difficulty in capturing in a reliable way the yield of a Rorschach examination
Who argued that personality exists only during personal interactions?
Harry Stack Sullivan
Sullivan came to see his patient’s illnesses as what?
Exaggerations of patterns of responding to be found in ‘normal’ behaviour
What is a dynamism?
A pattern or habit of relating
The circumplex was proposed by whom?
Guttman
Leary was the first to show that ____ of behaviour in ____ situations, were a good fit to a ____model
observations; interpersonal; circumplex
Henry Murray coined which term?
Personology
What did Murray’s theory stress?
The motivational basis of behaviour but broadened motivation to include social or ‘psychogenic concerns’, and viscerogenic or biologically based concerns
How many ‘needs’ did Murray identify?
27
